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Back生長板「幾乎閉合」還能長高嗎?醫師揭3大常見誤區
生長板「幾乎閉合」還能長高嗎?醫師揭3大常見誤區
Health
自由时报5 hours agoHealth4 min readChinaView translation

生長板「幾乎閉合」還能長高嗎?醫師揭3大常見誤區

新莊祐幼小兒科診所醫師梁盛賓指出,生長板閉合是最後步驟,身高增長在閉合前已減緩,呼籲家長應趁早評估。

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新莊祐幼小兒科診所醫師梁盛賓表示,生長板「幾乎閉合」不代表完全無法長高,但空間有限。他釐清了關於生長板閉合順序、老化機制及藥物治療的三大誤區,強調生長評估應趁早,避免錯過治療黃金期。

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Why It Matters

生長板是位於長骨末端的軟骨區域,負責骨骼生長。隨著年齡增長與青春期發育,生長板會逐漸骨化並最終閉合,導致身高停止增長。

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新莊祐幼小兒科診所醫師梁盛賓在臉書粉專「大花醫師-梁盛賓 激發孩子的生長動能」與官網表示,有時會看到生長門診裡的孩子照骨齡時,發現生長板「幾乎閉合」。家長總是會問我:「這樣孩子就一定沒辦法長高了嗎?」身為兒童遺傳代謝科醫師,我想說「多半還會再長一點,只是空間通常不大。」

梁盛賓表示,「幾乎閉合」和「完全閉合」要分開看。完全骨化之後,長骨不會再自己變長,吃補品、打生長激素都一樣。幾乎閉合,代表還沒走到那一步。這個問題裡,常見的誤會有三個。

誤會一:把閉合想成某一天全身同時發生

梁盛賓表示,瑞典一個團隊用 MRI掃了 958 位 14 到 21 歲健康年輕人的手腕、膝蓋和腳踝,生長板是由下往上依序關的。腳跟最早,手腕最後。17 歲女生,手腕完全閉合的佔 75%;19 歲男生,佔 90%,女生到 19 歲、男生到 21 歲。這幾個部位才全數關完。骨齡片拍的是手,所以手的片子看到快閉合時,腿上的生長板通常已經先關閉了。那為什麼縫還在,空間卻不大?

誤會二:以為身高增長是被閉合擋下來

梁盛賓表示,因為生長板會老化。

生長板靠骨頭末端的那一側叫靜止區,裡面有一群細胞,負責供應會分裂的軟骨細胞,2018、2019 年兩篇《Nature》的小鼠研究,證實它們是能自我更新的幹細胞。年紀越大、青春期進展到越後面,這群幹細胞的分裂能力就用掉越多,軟骨細胞跟著變少,長高速度先掉下來,最後整片軟骨才被骨頭取代。生長板閉合是最後一步;身高在那之前就已經快停了。所以片子上還看得到縫,只代表還沒關完。孩子還能長多少,要看這一年實際長了幾公分。

什麼因素決定生長板老得快或慢?梁盛賓表示,主要是雌激素,不論男生女生都一樣。男生的睪固酮會在體內轉成雌激素,再由雌激素推著生長板老化、閉合。青春期提早,雌激素也一起提早。性早熟會壓縮成年身高的原因就在這裡。

2025 年 PNAS 一篇小鼠研究還發現,生長激素會直接促使這群幹細胞往下分化。幹細胞庫因此變小,該研究作者推測,這也許能解釋,為什麼生長激素治療的效果會隨時間遞減;但這個機轉在人體上還沒有直接證據。那有沒有藥能讓快關的生長板慢一點,或讓關掉的重開?

誤會三:以為生長板能重開

現有的藥從性早熟的抑制針,到軟骨發育不全用的 CNP 類似物,都只作用在還開著的生長板。生長板越老,藥能爭取的空間越小。完全閉合之後,還能讓骨頭變長的只剩肢體延長手術。

梁盛賓引用2025 年一篇系統性回顧,整理了 12 個研究、760 位為了身高動這種手術的人,平均年齡約 25 歲,平均增加 6.7 公分;滿意度在 88.8% 到 98% 之間。但同一篇也把代價列出來,最常見的是關節和肌腱的問題:例如腳踝往上勾不起來、膝蓋和腳踝攣縮。再來是針孔感染和骨頭癒合不良,有些得再開刀補骨。

梁盛賓表示,生長板幾乎閉合,孩子就不會長高了嗎?我的回答是這樣:生長板幾乎閉合的孩子,多半還會再長一點。空間有限,藥能幫的也不多。完全閉合之後,骨頭不會再自己變長,也沒有藥能讓生長板重開。

最後梁盛賓總結,想增加骨頭長度,只剩手術一種方法。藥物幫得上忙的時間,都在閉合之前。所以評估要趁早,在生長速度掉下來、青春期提早之前就該看。越早看,能做的事越多,記得留意孩子最近長了幾公分、骨齡走到哪裡。別等到真的閉合了,那時候就真的沒什麼方式能幫忙了。

Open Questions

  • 生長激素治療對人體幹細胞分化的具體影響為何?

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