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Back3大法官拒評議卻發「不同意見書」還收權利金 憲法法庭:歷來實務所未見
3大法官拒評議卻發「不同意見書」還收權利金 憲法法庭:歷來實務所未見
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自由时报1 hour agoLaw3 min readChinaView translation

3大法官拒評議卻發「不同意見書」還收權利金 憲法法庭:歷來實務所未見

蔡宗珍、楊惠欽及朱富美未參與「114年憲判字第1號判決」實體評議,卻發表不同意法律意見書並授權獲利,引發法界關注。

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台灣憲法法庭3位大法官蔡宗珍、楊惠欽及朱富美未參與「114年憲判字第1號判決」實體評議,卻於體制外發表不同意法律意見書並授權法源法律網取得收益。憲法法庭回應此為審判外私人法律見解,引發法界對司法倫理與制度規範的討論。

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Why It Matters

國民黨、民眾黨立委於2024年底三讀通過憲訴法修正案,要求至少10名大法官參與評議、9人同意才能宣告違憲。

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憲法法庭自去年12月19日「114年憲判字第1號判決」出爐後便開始運轉,3位大法官蔡宗珍、楊惠欽及朱富美持續未參與評議,卻在判決後發「不同意法律意見書」批判,並將文章刊於《台灣法律人》、授權「法源法律網」取得權利金收益。對此,憲法法庭表示,3人未參與實體評議,卻於體制外投書表達個人觀點,為歷來大法官解釋及憲法判決實務所未見,相關內容僅屬審判外私人法律見解,並非憲法法庭裁判內容。

國民黨、民眾黨立委2024年底聯手強勢3讀通過憲訴法修正案,要求至少10名大法官參與評議、9人同意才能宣告違憲,導致僅有8名大法官的憲法法庭空轉1年,憲法法庭去年12月19日「114年憲判字第1號判決」,宣判憲訴法修正案違憲失效,讓憲法法庭得以復活,但當時大法官蔡宗珍、楊惠欽及朱富美認為評議違法不願參與評議。

蔡宗珍、楊惠欽及朱富美雖未參與評議,卻陸續提出「不同意法律意見書」表達不同立場,並將文章刊載於《台灣法律人》、授權「法源法律網」取得權利金,相關文章仍冠以大法官職銜,並使用「本席」等用語,但因3人並未參與評議,相關文章並非憲法法庭裁判內容,著作權亦不屬憲法法庭。

據了解,3位大法官未參與案件實體評議,因此無從得知評議過程及判決結果;其法律意見應是源自在案件是否受理階段,接觸相關卷證及資料後所形成。法界人士指出,從3人部分不同意見書內容觀察,主要是針對案件應否受理表達意見,屬於受理階段接觸相關卷證後所形成的法律見解,與參與實體評議後針對判決內容提出不同意見,性質並不相同。

對此,憲法法庭回應,3位未參與實體評議的大法官,於體制外以投書方式表達個人觀點,此舉為歷來大法官解釋及憲法判決實務所未見,相關內容僅屬審判外的私人法律見解,並非憲法法庭裁判內容的一部分,另關於民間法學資料庫對相關文章的收錄及呈現方式,為民間機構的編輯作業與學術判斷,本廳對此並無意見。

法界人士分析,3位大法官未參與實體評議,本於個人身分就法律議題撰文、投稿,程序上並無明文禁止,文章著作權及授權收益原則上也歸屬作者;但爭議關鍵並非單純能否投稿或取得稿酬,而是3人仍具有現任大法官身分,文章又冠以大法官職銜、使用「本席」等通常出現在司法裁判意見書中的用語,容易使外界誤認相關文章屬於憲法法庭正式不同意見,甚至與實際參與評議後提出的不同意見書產生混淆。

該人士指出,3人既未參與實體評議,無從參與其他大法官間的意見交換及論辯,所提出的法律見解與正式裁判程序中形成的不同意見,本質上仍有差異,即使相關作法未必違反現行規定,但現任大法官以職銜發表與憲法法庭裁判高度相關的文章,再授權民間資料庫取得收益,在司法倫理及社會觀感上仍可能引發疑慮,更凸顯現行制度對未參與評議大法官如何對外表達法律意見,欠缺明確規範。

Open Questions

  • 現行制度未來是否會針對未參與評議大法官的對外發言訂定明確規範?

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