
魯拉勝選中斷拉美保守派連勝紀錄,未來將在對美關係與國內改革間尋求平衡
巴西現任總統魯拉在總統決選中擊敗右翼候選人佛拉維歐‧波索納洛,中斷了拉美保守派的連勝紀錄。此結果不僅影響美國在該地區的影響力,也使魯拉在處理對美貿易談判及國內治安、經濟改革上面臨嚴峻挑戰。
AI-generated summary
過去18個月內,拉丁美洲保守派曾連續贏得7場總統大選。魯拉此次勝選中斷了該趨勢,並面臨國內國會席次劣勢的挑戰。
巴西現任左派總統魯拉(Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva)在25日的總統決選中,驚險擊敗右翼候選人佛拉維歐‧波索納洛(Flavio Bolsonaro),顯示巴西選民拒絕讓拉丁美洲復甦的右翼勢力奪下最終勝利,中斷了過去18個月來保守派連續贏得7場總統大選的紀錄。
美聯社報導,這場令人矚目的勝利,不僅限縮了美國總統川普加強掌控西半球的企圖,也鞏固了這個拉美人口最多、經濟體量最大的國家,作為抗衡華府的重要力量。若波索納洛陣營獲勝,墨西哥總統薛恩鮑姆(Claudia Sheinbaum)將成為該地區大國中僅存的進步派總統。
在拉丁美洲大部分地區,受夠了組織犯罪與經濟動盪的選民,紛紛將選票投給承諾恢復秩序的候選人。從秘魯的藤森惠子(Keiko Fujimori)、哥倫比亞的艾思普雷雅(Abelardo de la Espriella)到智利的卡斯特(Jose Antonio Kast),這些新當選的保守派領袖紛紛向川普靠攏,並效法薩爾瓦多總統布格磊(Nayib Bukele)的鐵腕掃黑政策。川普則透過選舉背書、財政紓困與數百萬美元的軍事援助,來強化這股右傾趨勢。
巴西原本會是華府最具影響力的戰略拼圖,但魯拉捍衛巴西長期的不結盟傳統,並深化與中國的貿易關係。分析人士指出,對川普政府而言,魯拉勝選使其拉攏巴西加入打擊販毒集團的軍事聯盟,以及取得該國關鍵礦產優先准入權的行動,變得更為複雜。此前,川普曾動用懲罰性關稅、嚴厲制裁與軍事力量,來重申美國在該地區的主導地位。
然而,雙方仍有合作的理由。華府亟欲取得巴西豐富的稀土資源,以降低其國防工業對中國的依賴;魯拉則需要外國投資,並為巴西出口商爭取關稅減免。
儘管對外發言強硬,魯拉仍試圖與川普維持和平,未來他勢必得在關稅議題上與川普進行更多談判。而在國內,保守派在十月四日的國會選舉中擴大席次,使魯拉失去推動重大改革所需的支持。邁入第三個任期的魯拉,正極力安撫對治安與高物價感到不耐的選民。
專家指出,拉美地區團結對抗共同敵人的聯盟,往往在執政後面臨分裂。川普的新盟友已在智利、玻利維亞與秘魯流失支持,顯示該地區的右傾趨勢可能不如表面上持久。魯拉雖成功擋住「反現任」浪潮,但他在與國內外政敵談判以交出政績的過程中,其支持度也可能迅速蒸發。
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
魯拉將與川普政府就關稅議題進行談判。
Very likely · Within months

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