
抖音电商近日披露有网络黑公关付费组织规模化造谣攻击,文章被公然兜售。专家指此行为击穿商业伦理,涉嫌违法犯罪,破坏营商网络环境。
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中央网信办于2026年5月启动“清朗·优化营商网络环境整治恶意炒作涉企信息”专项行动。
据媒体报道,抖音电商近日披露,有网络黑公关正在付费组织对其规模化造谣攻击。一篇已被官方澄清辟谣的文章,不仅继续在多平台传播,更有甚者,还有公司把批量攻击性文章作为付费案例公然对外兜售。
“明码标价组织舆论攻击”这一行为本身,已经击穿了商业伦理和网络治理的底线。正常的批评监督,根子在事实,目的是推动问题解决;而把“攻击某家企业”做成标准化产品、按篇计价、按群分发,性质就变了,这是在制造伤害。
这桩“生意”踩的,恰恰是“清朗”专项行动划出的红线。2026年5月,中央网信办启动“清朗·优化营商网络环境整治恶意炒作涉企信息”专项行动,明确将“通过‘付费投流’等方式对涉企负面信息进行推广,人为制造或放大涉企舆论热点”列为重点整治对象,同时剑指“将舆论监督、社会监督与商业合作挂钩,以发布涉企负面信息为手段,向企业施压牟取经济利益”。
对照来看,20万元一份的“整体稿+专家稿+媒体群置顶+红包”,从生产环节到分发环节,几乎逐项对应了整治清单上的病灶。专项行动期间,各级网信部门清理涉企侵权信息156万余条、处置违法违规账号2.6万余个,这组数字背后,正是“黑公关”从个案蔓延为一种地下产业的现实。个案之所以值得从治理高度审视,就在于它揭示了一条可复制、可定价、可规模化运转的灰色链条。链条上的每一环都在把公共舆论空间当成私有领地来经营,而真正被消耗的,是公众对信息的信任,是企业对公平竞争环境的预期。
法律不会因为“披着公关外衣”就网开一面。舆情敲诈类行为的实质,是以造谣、散布负面信息为手段制造舆论压力,再以此换取财物或商业利益。2026年4月,《检察日报》刊文明确指出,此类行为“无论威胁内容是否真实,只要行为人以非法占有为目的,使用威胁方法强索公私财物,即构成敲诈勒索罪”。
司法实践也在传递清晰信号,以往类似行为多按非法经营罪处理,而杭州侦破的“舆情敲诈”案已以敲诈勒索罪侦办,后者的量刑力度远重于前者。这意味着,“接单”的一方不能再拿“我只是做公关”当挡箭牌。同样,“下单”的一方也绝非无辜的旁观者,出钱组织对特定企业的规模化攻击,在法律上可能构成共同侵权乃至共同犯罪;在商业伦理上,则是在用不正当手段替代正当竞争。
更深一层看,这类“生意”真正侵蚀的,是营商网络环境的根基。一个健康的市场,允许批评,也应当容纳尖锐的批评。企业做得不对,媒体和公众该批评就批评,该监督就监督,这是市场经济和法治社会的常态。但当“批评”可以被付费生产、“监督”可以被明码标价、“负面”可以被当作商品来批发,真正做企业的就会面临一种扭曲的处境。久而久之,劣币驱逐良币,受损的不只是一两家企业的声誉,而是所有市场主体对“凭本事竞争”这一基本规则的信心。中央网信办专项行动整治恶意炒作涉企信息,就是为了“进一步优化营商网络环境,护航企业健康发展”。护航不是护短,而是把舆论场从“谁出钱谁有理”“谁更狠谁得利”的泥潭里拉出来,让批评回归事实,让监督回归公义。
网络空间不是法外之地,舆论话语权更不该被摆上货架。公关可以有,正常的公关解释说明、澄清事实,社会需要;但公关一旦变成按份计价的有组织攻击,它就不再是公关,而是披着公司外衣的舆情黑产。清朗的网络环境和公平的竞争秩序,容不下明码标价的舆论暴力。
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
网信及司法部门将继续严厉打击舆情敲诈和黑公关违法犯罪
Very likely · Within months

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