
德国企业界呼吁欧盟采取统一立场,应对来自中国企业在技术创新及市场影响力方面的竞争挑战。
德国工商总会调查显示,66%的德国企业感受到中国竞争加剧,尤其在工业领域。尽管竞争压力增大,多数企业仍选择通过创新和降低成本留在中国市场,并呼吁欧盟采取统一立场以减少战略依赖。
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德国工商总会针对德国企业进行的调查,旨在评估中国市场竞争对德国经济的影响。调查涵盖了在华设有业务及未设业务的企业。
来自中国的竞争给德国企业带来日益沉重的压力。66%的受访企业表示感受到了来自中国的竞争加剧,其中35%的企业形容这种压力“强烈”或“非常强烈”。
德国工商总会外贸主管特赖尔(Volker Treier)周四在柏林表示:“与中国的竞争已进入新阶段。中国企业不再仅仅依靠产量和价格进行竞争。”它们在技术上实力雄厚,具有创新能力,并且在国际市场上的影响力日益增强。
在华设有业务的企业中,88%的企业感受到了竞争加剧;即便是在中国没有直接业务的企业中,也有38%感受到了这种激烈竞争带来的影响。然而,几乎没有企业打算退出中国市场。相反,60%的企业专注于产品创新,50%致力于降低成本,39%则着力开拓新的销售市场。近三分之一的企业设想了与中国合作伙伴加强合作的前景。
对于那些与中国未直接开展业务的企业而言,情况则有所不同:超过六成的此类企业并未察觉到中国竞争的加剧。因此,也有不少德国企业并不认为中国产品在国内市场的竞争力正在增强。
然而,调查显示,工业领域的情况截然不同。在该领域,83%的企业正面临来自中国竞争对手日益激烈的竞争。
“竞争加剧并不自动意味着与中国的业务往来减少。对企业而言,关键在于既要站稳脚跟,又要继续在具有经济合理性的领域开展合作。”德国工商总会外贸主管特赖尔表示。他还说:“企业追求的是公平竞争,而非保护主义。”
德国企业界并不认为竞争加剧带来越来越大压力的问题能自行解决。67%的企业呼吁欧盟在面对中国时采取统一立场。60%的企业希望减少战略依赖(例如在原材料供应方面的依赖)。49%的企业主张将中国企业排除在关键基础设施项目之外,36%呼吁对中国企业进入欧盟单一市场实施更严格的限制,31%则支持采取更强硬的贸易防御措施。相比之下,25%的企业希望降低贸易和投资壁垒。
对华关系也是本周在美国举行的G20财长会议上的一个重要议题。东道国发布的一份声明指出,由主要工业化国家和新兴经济体组成的二十国集团(G20)应采取行动,应对非市场导向的做法,以及因过度出口而扰乱市场并损害其他经济体利益的行为。尽管中国政府拒绝认可声明中的某些措辞,但G20其他成员均支持美国的立场。中国面临着存在巨额贸易顺差的指责。美国希望中国增加进口、减少出口,并已对中国加征了关税。2025年,中国对全球其他地区的贸易顺差接近1.2万亿美元,创下历史新高。

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