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Back年内上市银行已收编超40家村行
年内上市银行已收编超40家村行
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中国新闻网1 hour agoBusiness6 min readChinaView translation

年内上市银行已收编超40家村行

今年以来A+H股上市银行累计获批吸收合并超40家村镇银行,贵州银行拟“承接+退出”10家

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今年以来,交通银行、民生银行、浦发银行、贵州银行等多家上市银行推进村镇银行收购与吸收合并,累计获批超40家。贵州银行拟采用“承接+退出”方式改革其余10家村镇银行。业内人士指出,整合后需防范县域金融供给弱化,守住支农支小定位。

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Why It Matters

今年以来,A+H股上市银行相继推进村镇银行收购、吸收合并工作,累计获批吸收合并超过40家村镇银行。交通银行旗下村镇银行已实现“清零”,民生银行、浦发银行等股份行批量清理旗下村镇银行平台,城商行和农商行也加速入场。贵州银行拟采用“承接+退出”方式推进其余10家村镇银行改革。

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上市银行批量收编村镇银行的改革浪潮持续升温。从交通银行旗下村镇银行实现“清零”,到民生银行、浦发银行对多家“直系”村镇银行实施合并,再到贵州银行一口气抛出10家村镇银行“承接+退出”方案。11月4日,北京商报记者不完全统计发现,今年以来,A+H股上市银行相继推进村镇银行收购、吸收合并工作,累计获批吸收合并超过40家村镇银行。未来,减少村镇银行独立法人数量、下沉服务重心仍是主流方向,整合之后,县域金融如何守住支农支小定位成为新课题。

10家村镇银行将迎来改革

村镇银行化险迎来批量推进方案。11月3日,贵州银行发布《主发起村镇银行改革化险方案及2026年第二次临时股东会通告》指出,该行在与主发起的村镇银行按照市场化、法治化原则协商一致基础上,形成贵州银行主发起村镇银行改革化险方案,已经董事会审议通过,现提交该行股东会审议。

从存量盘子来看,贵州银行共主发起成立13家村镇银行,其中3家村镇银行已完成改革。2025年5月,该行获批收购铜仁丰源村镇银行并改建设立铜仁丰源支行、铜仁金麟支行、铜仁蓝波湾支行、铜仁桃源支行4家分支机构。

2026年1月、6月,贵州银行又先后借助信托工具处置了龙里国丰村镇银行、盘州万和村镇银行两家机构的退出。在具体交易操作上,对应村镇银行以全部现金及资产收益权委托设立信托,贵州银行则以承接村镇银行存款业务所形成的债权,认购对应信托受益权份额,以此作为承接存款的交易对价。

在已完成3家村镇银行改革基础上,贵州银行旗下尚有白云德信、清镇兴邦、绥阳黔北、播州汇隆、汇川黔兴、钟山凉都、平坝鼎立、西航南马、都匀融通、凯里东南10家村镇银行未完成改革。该行指出,采用“承接+退出”方式推进其余10家村镇银行改革。根据方案,贵州银行作为主发起行,拟承接10家村镇银行存款及存款相关的银行卡等业务及其网点服务,安置10家村镇银行员工;10家村镇银行以全部货币资产及全部非货币资产收益权委托设立信托,该行将以承接10家村镇银行存款形成的债权,按照该方案领受信托受益权份额,作为承接存款的对价。

苏商银行特约研究员武泽伟表示,贵州银行延续前期成熟的信托处置框架,批量推进10家村镇银行改革退出,体现这套模式具备稳定的可复制性。村镇银行将全部货币资产和非货币资产收益权委托设立信托,贵州银行以承接存款形成的债权领受信托受益权份额作为对价。交易过程无需大额现金即时交割,有效缓释银行当期流动性和资本压力。信托架构可以实现资产风险隔离,底层资产的清收处置按信托周期稳步推进。存款业务与网点服务平稳承接,保障储户权益不受冲击,村镇银行后续走法定清算注销流程,这种处置方式兼顾市场化法治化原则,有助于平稳化解存量风险。

上市银行吸收合并步伐提速

今年以来,上市银行对村镇银行的“收编”明显提速。11月4日,据北京商报记者不完全统计发现,包括交通银行、民生银行、浦发银行、甘肃银行、贵州银行、常熟农商行、上海农商行在内的多家银行均在推进或已经完成村镇银行的收购、吸收合并与改制工作。

今年2月,安吉村镇银行完成收购改建,以交通银行湖州安吉支行的身份对外营业;交通银行也同时完成石河子村镇银行其他全部股权收购,并于2026年3月实现改建机构的翻牌开业。随着两家机构改建落地,交通银行旗下村镇银行实现“清零”。

国有大行之外,股份行也在批量清理旗下村镇银行平台,民生银行相继获批收购安溪、綦江、腾冲、天台、潼南、宁晋等地多家民生系村镇银行,全部改制为母行分支机构;浦发银行则对上海奉贤、绵竹、溧阳、茶陵、浙江新昌等多家浦发系村镇银行实施吸收合并,并承接原有村镇银行资产、负债、业务及员工等,把分散的县域主体收拢至总行统一管理框架之下。

城商行队伍也加速入场,6月末,北京银行董事会审议通过了《关于收购烟台福山珠江村镇银行股份有限公司并设立分支机构的议案》,10月烟台福山珠江村镇银行解散获批,资产、负债、业务及各项权利义务由北京银行承接。甘肃银行收购平凉市静宁成纪村镇银行,设立静宁西城区支行、静宁北环路支行、静宁城关支行、静宁东城区支行等分支机构,在本省范围内盘活存量村镇银行资源。

这一轮整合浪潮中,农商行的参与力度同样活跃。常熟农商行先是在7月宣布,董事会审议通过吸收合并泰州高港兴福村镇银行并设立分支机构的议案;两个月之后,该行再度公告,拟吸收合并无锡滨湖兴福村镇银行、江苏盱眙珠江村镇银行,并将两家机构改制为自身分支机构。

上海农商行则走出了差异化的整合路径,一方面吸收合并上海崇明沪农商村镇银行,并承接其清产核资后的资产等权利义务;另一方面通过旗下蒙自沪农商村镇银行实施“村并村”,合并弥勒沪农商村镇银行、个旧沪农商村镇银行、开远沪农商村镇银行、建水沪农商村镇银行4家机构。

招联首席经济学家董希淼指出,目前,村镇银行结构性重组主要有四种方式。第一种是村镇银行被主发起行吸收合并,改制为主发起行的分支机构。第二种是多家村镇银行合并重组为一家。第三种是村镇银行直接解散,实施市场化退出。第四种是主发起行通过增持旗下村镇银行股份,来加强对村镇银行的管理和治理。此外,在相关部门协调下,还出现部分城商行、农商行按照就近原则,收购其他银行作为主发起行的村镇银行。

防范“收编”后县域金融供给弱化

当前村镇银行改革重心正由风险处置的被动阶段,转向机构体系的主动重构。依托多类改革路径,一批股权分散、治理短板突出的村镇银行法人,被纳入母行一体化管理框架。通过这一安排能够统一服务规范、统筹调配资源,另一方面也推动村镇银行完成角色转变,从单打独斗的独立小法人,变成银行下沉县域、扎根基层的服务末梢。

在武泽伟看来,主发起行“村改支”适合资本实力较强、村镇银行区域集中度较高的银行,能够依托母行管理体系快速完成风险出清,国有大行与头部城商行多采用这类模式。跨行收购适合主发起行无意持续经营、收购方有县域布局需求的机构,多用于跨区域机构整合。同系村并村适合同区域内多家小规模村镇银行,整合后可以提升经营规模与抗风险能力。未来村镇银行改革会延续分类处置思路,主发起行承接仍是主流方向,整体向减少法人数量、下沉服务重心演进,逐步构建更稳定的县域金融体系。

对“收编”变身后的机构而言,完成整合之后,还需要持续调优业务布局,立足地方特色主导产业,打造特色化金融产品、搭建综合服务方案,防范“收编”后县域金融供给弱化,建立刚性约束与正向激励结合的长效机制。武泽伟进一步指出,监管层面可以明确村改支后的县域服务考核标准,设定支农支小贷款占比与投放增速底线,定期评估县域金融服务覆盖率。母行需要下放县域支行适度的信贷审批权限,保留本地化经营团队,避免直接照搬城区业务模式。

“需要强调的是,兼并重组并不是‘一招鲜’,防范化解金融风险、加快发展中小银行,应重视中小银行作用,采取措施防范大型银行在非市场化的过度下沉中给中小银行带来的‘挤出效应’。金融管理部门及相关部门应在政策上,给予中小银行包括差别化的监管规则、税收政策、存款准备金率等方面的政策支持。”董希淼如是说道。

北京商报记者 宋亦桐

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 贵州银行其余10家村镇银行将在股东会审议后推进“承接+退出”改革,最终走法定清算注销流程

    Very likely · Within months

  • 上市银行对村镇银行的吸收合并步伐将继续提速,减少村镇银行独立法人数量仍是主流方向

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 整合后县域金融如何具体落实支农支小贷款占比与投放增速底线?
  • 母行下放县域支行适度信贷审批权限的具体时间表和力度如何?
  • 10家贵州银行主发起村镇银行的法定清算注销流程预计何时完成?
  • 监管层差别化监管规则、税收政策、存款准备金率等支持措施何时出台?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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