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Back分析:川普施壓、星盾失靈 若無美國基輔難以為繼
分析:川普施壓、星盾失靈 若無美國基輔難以為繼
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自由时报2 hours agoWorld2 min readChinaView translation

分析:川普施壓、星盾失靈 若無美國基輔難以為繼

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乌克兰本周遭遇美国总统特朗普施压,要求停止打击俄炼油厂并暗示更换总统;其星盾(Starlink军用版)卫星通信系统突遭限制,影响前线作战。欧洲虽承担更多援助,但缺乏可替代的星链系统,且资金分歧严峻。乌克兰称需额外700亿欧元用于国防,欧盟仅愿承担三分之二,德国总理主张推迟讨论至年底。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

乌克兰自2022年俄军全面入侵以来,一直依赖美国提供军事援助、情报支持和卫星通信系统(如星链军用版星盾)以维持前线作战能力。特朗普上任后,其对乌克兰政策出现转变,曾公开批评泽连斯基并施压其停止打击俄能源设施。

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乌克兰这週面臨川普施壓、關鍵衛星系統使用遭限制等壓力。歐洲苦於承擔更多基輔的資金缺口,且歐洲版星鏈仍未上線,凸顯若無美國各項奧援,烏克蘭恐難以為繼。

紐約時報指出,基輔在一週內接連受挫,處境可謂雪上加霜。首先美國總統川普將柴油價格上漲原因歸咎於基輔,要烏克蘭停止打擊俄國煉油廠;他還暫時解除美國對俄國柴油的制裁,甚至呼籲烏克蘭應換個新總統。

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到週中,烏軍發現作戰仰賴的星盾(Starshield)系統突然受限,原因不明;星盾是衛星網路系統星鏈(Starlink)的軍用版,對烏克蘭戰場通訊至關重要。

而與川普關係時親時疏的馬斯克(Elon Musk)暗示只有美軍、最終也只有川普本人,才有權限制星盾使用。而身為營運星鏈的SpaceX公司執行長馬斯克,也呼籲烏克蘭應選出新總統。

澤倫斯基起初尚能克制,但後來怒批川普公然站在俄國一方,令他感到遭背叛,又無視川普的俄烏能源停火宣布,表示烏克蘭將恢復攻擊俄國煉油廠,並對記者表示烏克蘭正失去美國支持;川普旋即回擊,受訪時直言澤倫斯基「不是個適合打交道的人」。

紐時分析,對烏克蘭而言最糟情況莫過於川普與五角大廈決定中止對烏軍事援助。烏克蘭仰賴五角大廈出資的星盾在前線維持通訊;同時也仰賴美國提供軍事情報,提前預警即將來襲的飛彈攻擊,並協助烏軍鎖定目標、執行遠程打擊。

此外,烏克蘭也十分依靠包括F-16戰機的備用零件及愛國者(Patriot)防空攔截飛彈等美國武器;川普回鍋後,要求援烏武器需由歐洲協助出資採購。

前德國國防部官員、現任慕尼黑安全會議(MSC)高級研究員朗格(Nico Lange)指出,儘管歐洲國家也向烏克蘭提供情報,卻完全無法比擬美國情報支援的影響性。

美國的情報能提前預警來襲的俄軍巡弋、彈道飛彈攻擊。一旦烏克蘭無法事先得知飛彈即將來襲,又缺乏愛國者飛彈供攔截,後果不堪設想。此外,目前美製防空系統的彈藥供應吃緊,主因伊朗戰爭消耗大量儲備。

烏克蘭本週已初嘗美援停止的後果。烏方表示,13、14日這兩天俄國對基輔的兩波飛彈攻擊前,烏克蘭沒收到任何預警,直到飛彈臨空警報才剛響;接著星盾系統也出現異常,妨礙烏軍使用無人機等行動。

POLITICO政治新聞網指出,當川普政府不再是穩定依靠下,歐盟面臨必須填補烏克蘭失去星鏈支援缺口的壓力。然而歐盟自主規劃、性能足與星鏈匹配的IRIS2衛星系統,估計要到2030年才能啟用。

澤倫斯基今天在為期兩天的歐盟峰會表示,基輔還需至少額外提供700億歐元用於國防及強化韌性。然而歐盟領袖們彼此在氣候、移民乃至烏克蘭長期財政需求等議題針鋒相對,並無結論。親赴峰會的澤倫斯基除獲熱情擁抱與友善言詞外,並未取得太多實質成果。

英國「金融時報」指出,歐盟執委會主席范德賴恩(Ursula von der Leyen)表示,烏克蘭700億歐元的資金缺口,歐盟計劃承擔其中2/3。

然德國總理梅爾茨(Friedrich Merz)表示,相關問題需等到11與12月的下一輪歐盟領袖峰會再討論,歐盟會否再透過舉債向烏克蘭提供新一筆貸款(類似歐盟去年達成的900億歐元貸款),目前尚無定論。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 如果美国暂停对乌军事援助,乌克兰将在3至6个月内面临前线通信中断和导弹预警能力下降

    Likely · Within months

  • 欧盟将在年底前就向乌克兰提供新贷款达成协议,规模可能接近去年的900亿欧元

    Possible · Within months

Open Questions

  • 星盾系统受限的具体原因和持续时间是什么?
  • 欧盟是否有能力在2030年前研发出可替代星链的卫星系统?
  • 如果美国完全终止援助,乌克兰能否维持现有防线?
  • 德国和法国在乌克兰援助问题上的具体分歧是什么?

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