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Back乌克兰政坛出现停战谈判呼声:民意转向还是政治试探?
乌克兰政坛出现停战谈判呼声:民意转向还是政治试探?
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德国之声2 hours agoWorld6 min readChinaView translation

乌克兰政坛出现停战谈判呼声:民意转向还是政治试探?

泽连斯基警告不得煽动恐慌,反对派党团与主张谈判的议员划清界限

Quick Look

乌克兰多名政治人物近期呼吁与俄罗斯谈判以结束战争,引发泽连斯基政府及反对派的强烈回应。尽管民调显示多数乌克兰人支持谈判,但对于涉及领土主权的让步仍持谨慎态度,专家认为俄罗斯目前缺乏谈判诚意。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

乌克兰在战争中面临资源短缺和冬季挑战,国内对于是否应与俄罗斯开启和平谈判出现分歧。民调显示民众支持停火但反对领土让步。

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(德国之声中文网)三位知名的乌克兰政治人物呼吁通过与俄罗斯谈判来结束战争。例如,来自“欧洲团结党”的议员洪恰连科(Oleksij Hontscharenko)在社交媒体上表示:“目前的现实是这样的:我们正在输掉这场战争。我们正在损失无数的生命。我们缺少资金,不仅无法资助战争,甚至无法让国家维持运转。”

洪恰连科建议与莫斯科就乌克兰可以保持中立、放弃加入北约(NATO)、取消制裁、俄语和俄罗斯东正教会在乌克兰的地位以及顿巴斯问题进行谈判:“在我看来,为了加入北约而让整个国家去死,是荒谬的。”

赫特曼采夫(Danylo Hetmanzew)是执政党“人民公仆党”的成员,也是议会财政委员会主席。他同一天在社交媒体上写道,“启动谈判与和平应当成为我们的最高优先事项”,最终的和平条件必须通过全民公投确认。而哈尔科夫市长捷列霍夫(Ihor Terechow)则批评一种将战争视为别无选择的政治逻辑。但他同时强调,和平必须建立在防御能力以及伙伴方具体保障的基础上。

乌克兰总统和反对派怎么说?

乌克兰总统泽连斯基(Wolodymyr Selenskyj)很快发出了警告。他提醒这几位民选议员要考虑民意,而且他们对国家内部的团结负有责任,不得煽动恐慌。这位乌克兰总统表示:“无论多么艰难,我们都不能向普京和俄罗斯屈服,因为那会摧毁乌克兰。”

反对派议会党团“欧洲团结党”立即与洪恰连科(Hontscharenko)划清界限。该党团表示,他“关于战争结束以及乌克兰未来安全架构的立场,与该党的立场及其意识形态原则不符”。对于乌克兰来说,没有商量余地的包括该国有权拥有一支强大的军队、乌克兰语作为官方语言、独立的乌克兰东正教本土教会,以及加入欧盟和北约。

基辅莫希拉学院的政治学者哈兰(Oleksij Haran)教授认为,和平呼吁出现的时间点并非偶然。这位政治学家在接受德国之声采访时解释说:“寒冷的冬天即将到来,饱经多年战争的人们已经疲惫不堪,所有人都在谈论谈判——乌克兰代表如此,美国总统特朗普也是如此。”一些政治人物已经急于在未来选举中收获“成果”。此外,哈兰不排除这些呼吁可能用来试探社会的反应。

乌克兰“分析与战略中心”的政治学家恰连科(Ihor Tschalenko)则更多从有可能在阿布扎比举行会谈的角度来看待乌克兰政治人物的表态。那里据称将在一次三边会议上讨论分领域停火以及启动特朗普的和平计划。恰连科说,其中一些政治人物与美国总统团队有良好联系。特朗普很希望能在11月3日国会中期选举前取得快速成果。恰连科补充说,“这一切主要是为了组织这样一次会议,以便把俄罗斯拉入谈判。”与此同时,通过这些政治人物的表态也能看出公众在多大程度上愿意接受妥协。

乌克兰人如何看待谈判?

根据基辅国际社会学研究所(KIIS)9月中旬的一项调查,75%的乌克兰人赞成与俄罗斯谈判以结束战争,21%的人反对。该研究所强调,该问题只涉及谈判的可能性,而不是让步。69%的人会支持在当前战争的前线立即停火,前提是乌克兰不承认被占领地区属于俄罗斯,继续加强军队,并寻求接近欧盟和北约。62%的人愿意在必要时一直忍受战争之苦,在基辅这一比例甚至达到72%。79%的人相信乌克兰会胜利,相信乌克兰必胜的人比例有所下降,从7月底调查的60%降至47%。

基辅国际社会学研究所(KIIS)的学者赫鲁舍茨基(Anton Hruschezkyj)说:“个别政治人物的言论并不反映大多数乌克兰人的意见。”然而,一部分民众准备接受投降。大约一年前,约20%的受访者支持俄罗斯的和平计划,即乌克兰军队撤出顿巴斯并实行非军事化。这位社会学家强调:“但这是少数。多数人是务实的,虽然愿意接受艰难的妥协,但不愿接受投降。”

俄罗斯真的准备好谈判了吗?

俄罗斯总统普京最近将关于相互停止袭击能源设施和民用船只的提议斥为“毫无意义”。政治学家恰连科强调:“俄罗斯没有谈判意愿是一个根本事实。”他认为,把公众分裂成“战争派”和“和平派”是人为制造的说法。“并不存在一个支持永久战争的较大群体。乌克兰的立场将限于国土完整和安全保障,这已经是一种让步,不可能有更大的让步。”

基辅莫希拉学院的哈兰教授也强调,乌克兰目前的立场是一种被迫的妥协。他说:“现在我们谈的是停战。这已经是巨大的让步。”大多数乌克兰人虽然愿意接受这一点,但对于从顿巴斯撤军或承认被占领地区属于俄罗斯,却找不到多数支持。相应的言论只会造成伤害。哈兰警告说:“问题不在于谈判和妥协,而在于普京想让我们陷入一个艰难的冬天,以便让我们屈服。乌克兰政客现在所说的关于停战谈判的话,只是在鼓励普京这么做。”

Open Questions

  • 俄罗斯是否会改变拒绝谈判的立场?
  • 乌克兰政府是否会正式启动和平谈判进程?

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This article was originally published by 德国之声.

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