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Back全球债券市场抛售压力加剧 多国国债收益率触及多年高点
全球债券市场抛售压力加剧 多国国债收益率触及多年高点
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中国新闻网2 hours agoBusiness2 min readChina

全球债券市场抛售压力加剧 多国国债收益率触及多年高点

Quick Look

美国、日本、英国、德国等国10年期国债收益率近日触及多年高点,反映全球债券市场承受较大抛售压力。美联储政策不确定性是直接因素,同时科技巨头发债与美财政部新债争夺资金,日本退出负利率导致资金回流。分析认为短期波动或持续,但中国债市受影响有限。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

全球主要央行相继收紧货币政策,美联储在杰克逊霍尔年会上表态偏鹰但未给前瞻指引,增加市场不确定性。长期以来美债低收益率依赖日本等低利率经济体廉价资金流入,但该逻辑正在瓦解。

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中新社北京9月6日电 (陶思阅)美国、日本、英国、德国等国的10年期国债收益率近日纷纷触及多年高点。债券收益率和价格呈反向关系。收益率飙升,折射出全球债券市场正在承受较大抛售压力。

今年以来全球债券市场整体表现偏弱,长期政府债券收益率波动明显放大。汇丰私人银行及卓越理财亚洲首席投资总监匡正接受中新社记者专访时分析,造成“抛售潮”的直接因素是美联储政策的不确定性。

在8月底的杰克逊霍尔全球央行年会上,美联储主席沃什表态被认为偏鹰派,即倾向加息,但并未给出前瞻性指引。这导致投资者摸不准美联储下一步动作。面对未来利率可能走高的风险,投资者担心手中长债价格进一步下跌,因而降低久期、卖出部分国债,进一步放大市场抛压。

与此同时,人工智能巨头们也在大举发债。一边是微软、亚马逊、甲骨文等科技巨头涌入债市,一边是美国财政部发新债,两边都在争夺市场资金。

长期以来,美债的低收益率部分依赖于来自日本、欧洲等低利率经济体的廉价资金持续流入。然而,随着全球主要央行相继收紧货币政策,这一逻辑正在瓦解。

日本机构几十年来做着“利差生意”,即在日本以极低的利率借钱,兑换成美元后购买收益率更高的美债。这为美债市场提供了源源不断的廉价资金。随着日本央行终结负利率政策,其国债收益率提高,部分资金正回流日本。

8月中下旬,全球债市已出现过一轮类似抛压,美国财政部随后加大长期国债回购力度,市场压力短暂缓解。东方金诚研究发展部分析师徐嘉琦表示,在当前宏观环境下,全球债市出现阶段性急跌和快速反弹的概率会明显上升,高波动可能成为常态,但总体上仍将处于高利率状态。

匡正也认为,短期长债收益率波动仍可能持续,其趋势性下行或有待更多催化因素落地:包括美国经济数据走弱引发政策预期变换,财政端出现积极的超预期变化,或是企业层面融资需求出现回落等。

国债价格持续下跌,还不仅意味着债券投资者面临账面损失。中国社会科学院世界经济与政治研究所副研究员吴国鼎指出,持有这些债券的银行、保险、基金等,也可能面临账面亏损,从而加大全球金融市场风险。

但这轮行情对中国债市的影响有限。匡正说,中国债市走势主要由自身基本面、财政供给、国内流动性环境决定,近期和海外利率走势出现分化。不过,如果海外利率持续高位,或一定程度上约束中国货币政策进一步宽松的空间。(完)

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 短期内长期国债收益率波动将持续

    Likely · Within weeks

  • 全球债市出现阶段性急跌和快速反弹的概率将上升

    Possible · Within months

  • 中国债市走势将主要由国内基本面决定,与海外利率走势出现分化

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 美联储何时会明确其利率路径?
  • 日本资金回流规模将达到多少?
  • 科技巨头发债规模是否会持续扩大?
  • 中国债市在何种情况下会受到外部冲击?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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