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Back特朗普親赴機場迎接習近平,超過60年來首見美國總統此禮遇
特朗普親赴機場迎接習近平,超過60年來首見美國總統此禮遇
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BBC中文1 hour agoPolitics3 min readChinaView translation

特朗普親赴機場迎接習近平,超過60年來首見美國總統此禮遇

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美國當選總統特朗普將親自到安德魯斯聯合基地迎接中國國家主席習近平訪美,此舉超過60年來美國總統首次以此規格迎接外國元首。文章梳理歷史先例,指出肯尼迪時代曾有類似做法,但後改為白宮南草坪儀式;艾森豪威爾迎接赫魯曉夫為可比案例。近年教宗訪美例外,中方過去接待特朗普規格較低。此次安排被視為中美關係中的禮賓信號,並涉及彭麗媛陪同訪問的友善意味。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

文章指出,美國總統親赴機場迎接外國元首並非前所未見,肯尼迪時代曾多次發生,但後改為白宮南草坪儀式;艾森豪威爾曾親迎赫魯曉夫。近年教宗訪美例外,中方過去接待特朗普規格較低。此次安排被解讀為中美關係中的禮賓信號。

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Published 2026年9月19日

最近更新: 4 分鐘前

閱讀時間: 4 分鐘

習近平在美東時間周三(9月23日)傍晚約6時抵達美國展開國事訪問,特朗普親自到華盛頓郊外的安德魯斯聯合基地(Joint Base Andrews)接機,屬罕見的外交規格。

若不計教宗訪美的特例,這將是超過 60 年來美國總統首次以這種方式迎接他國元首。

這一決定發生在中美關係仍處於貿易摩擦和科技競爭陰影之下的時刻,其象徵意義因此格外受到關注。

BBC中文從歷史先例、中美互動禮賓變化,以及習近平近年出訪所獲接待規格三個層面,梳理這次安排背後的外交邏輯。

歷史上有多罕見?

美國總統親赴機場迎接來訪元首,並非從未發生,但案例集中在特定年代。

肯尼迪總統圖書館的資料顯示,1960年代,時任總統肯尼迪(John F. Kennedy)曾多次親自到安德魯斯空軍基地迎接來訪的外國元首,迎接對象包括加納總統恩克魯瑪(Kwame Nkrumah)、突尼斯總統布爾吉巴(Habib Bourguiba)、秘魯總統普拉多(Manuel Prado)、厄瓜多爾總統阿羅塞梅納(Carlos Julio Arosemena)、幾內亞總統塞古·杜爾(Ahmed Sékou Touré)、以及印度總理尼赫魯(Jawaharlal Nehru)等。

但與現在不同的是,肯尼迪執政初期,與其說去接機,其實是因為把歡迎儀式直接放在機場舉行。

在肯尼迪執政後期,頻繁穿越華盛頓迎到機場迎接,時常造成交通擁堵,所以他就改革了這個禮賓儀式,正式確定白宮南草坪為外賓抵達的正式歡迎舞台。此後,外賓飛抵安德魯斯空軍基地之後,由禮賓司長接機並乘直升飛機直抵白宮,再由總統在南草坪舉行歡迎儀式。這成為了美國的外交慣例。

因此,更有可比性的是1959年,時任總統艾森豪威爾(Dwight D. Eisenhower)親自到安德魯斯空軍基地,在舷梯下迎接蘇聯最高領導人赫魯曉夫(Nikita Khrushchev)。而且這在當時也被事先公開和廣泛報道,被視為冷戰下微妙且罕見的禮遇。

不過近年來,在禮賓安排上,羅馬天主教教宗是例外:1987年,里根(Ronald Reagan)在邁阿密機場迎接教宗若望保祿二世(Pope John Paul II);1999 年,克林頓(Bill Clinton)在機場迎接再次迎接教宗若望保祿二世(Pope John Paul II);2008年,小布什(George W. Bush)夫婦在安德魯斯空軍基地迎接教宗本篤十六世(Pope Benedict XVI);2015年,奧巴馬(Barack Obama)夫婦在安德魯斯聯合基地迎接教宗方濟各(Pope Francis)。

過去11年間,再無教宗訪美。

與中方接待特朗普的規格相比

白宮傳出的消息若果屬實,則美方此次安排,規格已超過中方今年5月接待特朗普時的水平。當時特朗普抵達北京,到機場迎接的是國家副主席、前中共中央政治局常委韓正。

特朗普第一任期訪華時,接機人是時任中共中央政治局委員、國務委員楊潔篪。楊潔篪當時在中國外事領域擁有實際決策權,屬於「黨和國家領導人」序列,規格已屬較高。

美國總統在中方接待序列中,歷來享有比一般外國首腦更高的禮遇。多數外國元首訪華時,接機官員通常為部長級,例如德國總理默茨(Friedrich Merz)、英國首相斯塔默(Keir Starmer)訪華時,分別由外交部副部長和財政部長接機。

值得一提的是,根據白宮向記者們透露的行程顯示,習近平的夫人彭麗媛將陪同他一起訪問美國,也算是釋放友善信號,因為在5月份特朗普訪華時,夫人梅拉尼婭·特朗普(Melania Trump)並未隨行。

中國如何接待外國領導人

俄羅斯總統普京(Vladimir Putin)訪華時,享有與美國總統類似級別的接待。今年5月,由中共中央政治局委員、外交部長王毅接機;2025年8月赴天津出席上海合作組織峰會時,則由政治局委員、中共天津市委書記陳敏爾接機。

朝鮮最高領導人金正恩訪華時,曾由中共中央政治局常委王滬寧親自迎接,七常委之一出面接機極為罕見。但這一待遇延續的是中朝之間源自冷戰年代的同盟式「兄弟情誼」,並不屬於中國對外接待的常規序列。

在常規外交框架之外,歷史上有兩次美國總統訪華所獲接待規格超過了普京和金正恩。1972年尼克松(Richard Nixon)「破冰之旅」訪華,當時中美尚未建交,國務院總理周恩來親赴機場迎接,規格之高至今未被超越。

另一次是2009年奧巴馬首次訪華,接機的是時任國家副主席習近平。彼時習近平身兼中共中央政治局常委與國家副主席,且已被公認為接班人,這一安排被普遍視為超規格禮遇。

到了奧巴馬第二任期,美國推出「亞洲再平衡」戰略,中美關係出現波折,接機人選隨即降為外交部長王毅。接機人選的升降,由此成為觀察中美關係走向的晴雨表之一。

習近平經歷過的領導人接機

近年來,習近平出訪時獲外國領導人親自接機,已不算罕見事件。

最近一次是今年6月8日訪問朝鮮時,金正恩親自到機場迎接。這延續了中國領導人訪朝的傳統:此前胡錦濤、江澤民出訪朝鮮,乃至更早年代周恩來以總理身份訪朝時,均由朝鮮最高領導人親自到機場迎接。

其他國家由元首親赴機場迎接習近平的情況也時有發生,但通常需滿足兩個條件:一是與中國關係密切,二是國家體量較小。2024年習近平訪問塞爾維亞時,總統武契奇(Aleksandar Vučić)到停機坪迎接;同年訪問匈牙利時,總理歐爾班(Viktor Orbán)到機場迎接;2025年訪問柬埔寨時,國王西哈莫尼(Norodom Sihamoni)在機場迎接。

更早的一個特殊案例發生在2014年7月。習近平在赴巴西出席金磚國家領導人峰會途中,在希臘羅德島作技術經停。技術經停通常只涉及加油和短暫休整,並不安排正式外交活動。然而希臘時任總統帕普利亞斯(Karolos Papoulias)與總理薩馬拉斯(Antonis Samaras)專程從雅典飛赴羅德島,在機場迎接習近平並舉行會談。兩國最高領導人跨城出迎一次過境停留,極為罕見。

這次超規格接待,背景是希臘當時仍深陷歐債危機,經濟和就業形勢嚴峻,又受到國際紓困計劃的嚴厲財政約束,急需外來投資和基礎設施項目支撐復甦。習近平此行距他提出「一帶一路」倡議僅約十個月。此次會晤後,中希兩國經貿合作明顯提速:兩年後的2016年,中遠海運取得比雷埃夫斯港運營商的控股權,並持續加大對該港口的開發投入。

國際通訊社透露的習近平訪美行程一覽

9月23日(週三)

習近平及夫人彭麗媛抵達安德魯斯聯合基地。

9月24日(週四):會談與國宴

特朗普將在白宮迎接習近平與彭麗媛。

雙方隨後移步玫瑰園,進行儀仗檢閱,再展開雙邊會談。

9月25日(週五):茶敘、參觀與離境

特朗夫婦將在白宮為習近平與彭麗媛舉辦茶敘。

雙方隨後前往華盛頓國家檔案館,參觀美國建國文獻。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 習近平訪問期間將在白宮舉行國宴並進行雙邊會談

    Very likely · Within days

  • 訪問結束後雙方可能發表聯合聲明或達成特定共識

    Possible · Within days

Open Questions

  • 此次訪問具體會談內容是否涉及貿易或科技議題具體進展?
  • 特朗普此舉是否預示其未來對華政策將有所轉變?
  • 中方是否會以同等規格回應未來美國領導人訪華?

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This article was originally published by BBC中文.

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