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Back|中印关系在金砖峰会背景下的微妙调整
中印关系在金砖峰会背景下的微妙调整
Politics
德国之声·9 minutes ago·Politics·6 min read·🇨🇳China

中印关系在金砖峰会背景下的微妙调整

习近平即将出席印度金砖峰会,中印两国在特朗普政策影响下寻求关系缓和,但战略互信依然缺失

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中国领导人习近平将出席在印度举行的金砖国家峰会。在美印关系因特朗普政府政策出现裂痕的背景下,中印双方寻求改善经贸与边境局势,但两国在地缘政治上的根本矛盾与深层互不信任依然存在。

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Why It Matters

中印两国在2020年边境冲突后关系陷入冰冻期,近期因国际局势动荡及经济压力寻求谨慎接触。

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中国党和国家领导人习近平将在本周末出席在印度举行的金砖国家峰会。《商报》写道,习近平上一次访问新德里还是七年前的事情。当时,两国领导人高调宣称中印关系将掀开“合作的新篇章”。然而,好景不长,习近平同莫迪会晤几个月之后,两国军队就在边界地区大打出手,双方均有伤亡,双边关系也就此陷入冰冻期。这篇题为《中印两国希望相互靠拢》的文章写道:

“现在,习近平即将再度访问印度。本周末的金砖国家峰会将成为推动两国关系的新契机。预计俄罗斯总统普京和伊朗总统佩泽希齐扬也将出席峰会。印度媒体援引外交人士的话报道称,莫迪和习近平将于周六举行双边会谈,议题包括边境局势和经贸关系。

事实上,两年前,中印关系就已出现了缓解的迹象:2024年,俄罗斯喀山举行的金砖峰会上,习与莫迪举行了会谈。习当时表示,中印两国应加强合作,化解分歧。一年后,莫迪出席了在中国举行的上合组织峰会,这也是莫迪时隔七年后,首次访问中国。当时双方均表示,中印两国是‘发展伙伴,而非敌手’。而中印两国关系缓解的一个重要背景,则是特朗普开始了其第二个美国总统任期。特朗普就任总统后宣布对印度商品征收惩罚性关税,并开始限制印度专业人才入境美国,从而使美印关系出现了裂痕。

尽管印度长期奉行不结盟政策,但多年以来也在一直向美国靠拢,希望借此来制衡中国不断加剧的势力扩张。而特朗普的所作所为却令新德里意识到,美国并不值得信赖,改善对华关系则更符合印度的利益。英国智库查塔姆研究所(Chatham House)南亚问题专家巴杰帕伊(Chietigj Bajpaee)认为,‘特朗普第二任期内,印美关系无疑陷入了紧张,印度不得不加强对其他伙伴关系的投入。’”

《商报》分析文章指出,尽管中印关系出现了一些缓和迹象,但两国在地缘政治层面上的根本矛盾却依旧突出:

“印度曼特拉亚战略研究所(Mantraya Institute for Strategic Studies)德索萨(Shanthie Mariet D'Souza)就认为:‘即使莫迪与习近平的会晤能够取得成功,也不太可能消除双方根深蒂固的相互不信任。’ 而在金砖国家内部,中印双方的立场也并不一致。 德索萨表示,利用担任金砖国家轮值主席的机会,新德里正在努力避免金砖集团成为中国的附庸,或演变成目标明确的反西方联盟。与此同时,印度还需要抵御来自俄罗斯和伊朗的压力,上述两国都希望在各自的对美冲突中获得金砖伙伴的支持。阿联酋也不愿意支持伊朗的立场。

在不断靠拢中国的同时,新德里也一直在密切关注着美国的反应:新德里要确保此次金砖峰会不会进一步激怒美国政府。特朗普去年就已发出威胁,支持金砖国家反美立场的国家将面临高额关税。”

“没有人会认为,中印之间会实现战略性靠拢”

就即将在本周末举行的金砖集团峰会以及习近平的访印行程,《法兰克福汇报》写道:

“在北京看来,特朗普反复无常的行为恰恰为发展中印关系提供了空间,因为中国可以借机打造负责任地区伙伴的形象。而从权力政治的角度来看,印度也不得不在某种程度上加入这场游戏:印度人一方面要阻止中国、俄罗斯和巴基斯坦三国形成针对印度的联盟,另一方面,特朗普靠拢中国以及示好巴基斯坦的行为,也令新德里忧心忡忡。在习近平九月底即将出访美国的大背景下,印度不得不担心自己被边缘化的可能性。

2025年3月的印巴短暂冲突中,中国对巴基斯坦提供的大力支持,新德里仍记忆犹新:北京不仅向印度的宿敌伊斯兰堡提供了武器和军事情报,还在其官媒中公开炫耀中国武器击落印度战机的‘战绩’。另一方面,俄罗斯对中国的依赖正与日俱增,莫斯科不得不将主要军力投入乌克兰战场,而俄中边境上的兵力几乎所剩无几,至此,中国不费吹灰之力就消除了北部边境的隐患,从而得以让军队聚焦其他地区:台湾、南中国海以及中印边境。

仅在喜马拉雅山的所谓‘实际控制线’两侧,中印双方就部署了五万以上的兵力。2020年的边境冲突中,印方大约有20名士兵丧生,中方也有人员伤亡。这场边境冲突一度令双方关系陷入低谷。不过,近两年来,双方又开始了谨慎的接触。而出现缓和迹象的大背景是,国际局势日益动荡,中印两国的经济又都遇到了困难。有鉴于此,双方都希望能在特定经济领域改善合作关系,但没有人会认为,中印之间会实现战略性的靠拢。”

Open Questions

  • ?莫迪与习近平的双边会谈能否达成实质性边境协议?
  • ?印度如何平衡金砖国家合作与对美外交关系?

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This article was originally published by 德国之声.

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中国领导人习近平将出席在印度举行的金砖国家峰会。在美印关系因特朗普政府政策出现裂痕的背景下,中印双方寻求改善经贸与边境局势,但两国在地缘政治上的根本矛盾与深层互不信任依然存在。

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德国之声
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Published
9 minutes ago
习近平
莫迪
金砖国家
习近平
莫迪
特朗普
普京
德国之声
商报
法兰克福汇报
查塔姆研究所
印度
新德里
喀山
喜马拉雅山
莫迪
金砖国家
中印关系
特朗普
地缘政治

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