
专家指出暴食后催吐无法有效减肥,因食物部分已被吸收,且催吐易导致重度低钾、消化道损伤及内分泌紊乱,尤其对青少年危害大,建议规律饮食并调整进餐顺序控制食量。
AI-generated summary
北方多地气温下降导致食欲增加,部分人群通过暴食后催吐试图控制体重,但在社交平台上此类行为被错误推荐为有效减肥方法。
这几天,北方多地气温下降,天气一凉,也激发了很多人的食欲,但是暴饮暴食后又陷入满心愧疚。怎么办呢?在社交平台上,就有不少网友推荐了所谓暴食“后悔药”——催吐,并且声称这样既能享受美食,又不会增加体重。暴饮暴食后再催吐,真的靠谱吗?
首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院消化中心主治医师邵琳琳介绍,很多人认为把食物吃进去再吐出来,只是过过嘴瘾,不长体重,事实并非如此。首先,吃下的食物不是全部吐出,可能会吐50%~70%,还有30%~50%会被身体吸收。另外,像碳水这类食物,在胃里就已经开始被吸收。所以即便催吐,还是会增加体重。
专家指出,食物吸收主要发生在胃部与小肠,呕吐仅能排出部分胃内容物,已经进入消化道下段的营养依旧会被身体吸收。短时间内大量摄入高油高糖食物,会给胰腺、胆囊带来超负荷压力,增加急性胰腺炎、胆囊炎的发病风险。即便事后催吐,消化器官此前已经接收到分泌信号,长期反复的错误刺激,会扰乱消化腺体的正常功能。胃部反复急剧扩张、收缩,还会损伤胃壁肌肉与神经调节能力。
催吐易诱发重度低钾
专家提示,暴食、催吐会形成恶性循环,不仅达不到体重管理目标,身体损伤还会持续累积,甚至会出现严重低钾。
专家指出,人体血钾正常区间为3.5至5.5毫摩尔每升,血钾明显下降、持续低于2.5毫摩尔每升即为重度低钾。很多人存在误区,认为只要吃得多就不会缺钾。实际上,极端进食后再采取催吐等方式,钾会大量流失,问题不在摄入不足,而在于富含钾的消化液随呕吐物排出体外。
邵琳琳介绍,出现低钾血症有几大原因:
来得少——摄入得少;
丢得多——经过肾脏排出多;
当出现酸碱失衡的时候,人体就会进行酸碱调节,在调节过程中也会出现低钾血症。
低钾早期症状十分隐匿,乏力常被误认为是劳累,很难察觉;但它会埋下诱发恶性心律失常的隐患。而且催吐后,靠吃香蕉、喝运动饮料,并不能快速补钾。
催吐会致内分泌紊乱
全身多系统连锁损伤
专家表示,催吐的伤害覆盖全身,绝不仅限于电解质异常。
专家强调,呕吐不只是排出胃内食物,急剧升高的胃内压力与反流的胃酸会沿消化道一路向上造成持续损伤。牙齿、咽喉、食管长期接触酸性物质,可出现牙釉质损毁、咽部异物感、声音嘶哑,严重时甚至发展为食管狭窄。外观上还可能出现腮腺肿大、手指催吐茧等特征性改变,部分损伤一旦形成,很难完全修复。
邵琳琳:催吐会带来内分泌紊乱。比如有的患者会出现闭经、不孕,也有一些患者会出现甲状腺的问题。
未成年人要养成健康的饮食习惯
值得注意的是,吃播类短视频的受众中包含大量青少年,部分视频展示极端进食手段,容易对未成年人的饮食观念形成误导。如何保持健康的饮食习惯呢?
邵琳琳表示,一日三餐尽量规律时间、规律饮食,保证正常的饮食量。同时,在食物的荤素搭配上也要合理进行。不能吃得太快,这样会没有饱腹感,从而导致摄入食物过多,造成热量过甚,导致增加体重。
专家提示,可通过调整进餐顺序辅助控制食量:先吃蔬菜、蛋白质,最后再吃主食。尤其是处于发育期的青少年,身体耐受能力弱,更应远离暴食、催吐、导泻等伤害身体的行为。
(总台央视记者 曹宇)
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
随着健康风险被进一步曝光,暴食后催吐减肥的误导行为将逐渐减少
Likely · Within months

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