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Back總統賴清德宣布衛福部將於十月推出「健康幣」鼓勵預防醫療
總統賴清德宣布衛福部將於十月推出「健康幣」鼓勵預防醫療
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自由时报1 hour agoHealth3 min readChinaView translation

總統賴清德宣布衛福部將於十月推出「健康幣」鼓勵預防醫療

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總統賴清德宣布衛福部將於十月推出「健康幣」政策,透過數位科技與獎勵機制鼓勵民眾接受成人健康檢查、癌症篩檢、疫苗接種及健康管理,旨在從源頭降低疾病負擔,但需避免加深健康不平等並追蹤實際健康成效而非僅發放數量。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

長期討論健保改革焦點多在醫療支出增加、健保點值、藥價與保費負擔,但這多屬於『疾病發生以後』的資源分配問題。文章指出,真正前瞻性的醫療政策應該從源頭降低疾病發生率與重症率。

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◎ 陳擷安

賴清德總統八月二十七日主持健康台灣推動委員會時宣布,衛福部將於十月推出「健康幣」,透過數位科技與獎勵機制,鼓勵民眾接受成人健康檢查、癌症篩檢、疫苗接種及健康管理。第一階段規劃年滿十八歲民眾即可參加,成人健檢可獲健康幣,癌症篩檢也依不同項目給予獎勵,累積後可兌換健康相關商品或服務。

總統賴清德日前主持健康台灣推動委員會會議時宣布,衛福部將於10月正式推出「健康幣」政策。(擷取自總統府直播)

長期以來,我們談健保改革,經常把焦點放在醫療支出增加、健保點值、藥價與保費負擔,但這些大多仍是「疾病發生以後」如何分配資源的問題。真正具有前瞻性的醫療政策,應該再往前問一步:政府能否透過公共政策,降低疾病發生率與重症率?

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衛福部公布的健康幣政策背景顯示,台灣十大死因中有七項屬於慢性疾病,六十五歲以上人口約八成五至少罹患一項慢性病,而二○二四年三高相關疾病醫療支出已達一七七九億元。 高血壓、高血糖與高血脂在初期往往沒有明顯症狀,民眾可能多年沒有檢查,直到中風、心肌梗塞或腎臟疾病發生後才進入醫療體系。到了這個階段,國家付出的已不只是醫療費用,還包括失能、長照、勞動力損失以及家庭照顧成本。從公共經濟學而言,預防疾病所投入的一元,與疾病發生後投入的一元,其政策效益本來就不能只用相同的「醫療支出」觀念衡量。

因此,健康幣真正值得肯定的地方,是政府開始運用「行為誘因」改變健康政策。傳統公共政策常假設,只要告訴人民吸菸不好、應該運動、應該接受癌症篩檢,人們自然就會採取行動;但行為經濟學早已提醒我們,人並非永遠按照長期利益作出理性選擇。健康的利益通常發生在多年以後,健檢、運動與篩檢的成本卻發生在今天,因此人們容易拖延。健康幣所做的,就是把原本遙遠的健康利益轉化成眼前可感受到的小額誘因。這種制度如果設計得宜,可以成為政府推動預防醫學的重要政策工具。但也正因如此,政策成效不能只用「發出多少健康幣」或「多少人下載使用」衡量,而應追蹤健檢率、癌症篩檢率、疫苗接種率,以及高風險族群是否因此增加參與。否則健康幣很容易從健康政策變成另一種消費點數制度。

首波可獲健康幣的保健行為。(資料照,記者羅碧製表)

更重要的是,健康幣必須避免產生新的「健康不平等」。最容易完成健檢、運動及使用數位工具的人,往往本來就是健康意識較高、資訊能力較強的族群;真正容易錯過篩檢與慢性病管理的,反而可能是偏鄉居民、經濟弱勢者、獨居長者及數位能力較不足者。今天已有立委提醒,如果健康幣主要依靠手機或電腦操作,部分長者及偏鄉民眾可能面臨新的使用門檻。 因此,健康幣不能只是建立一個App,然後等待民眾自己加入。衛福部未來更應結合衛生所、社區藥局、醫療院所、長照據點與地方政府,建立實體協助機制;甚至可考慮對長期未接受健檢或癌症篩檢的高風險族群提供較高誘因。政策資源不應平均撒出去,而應優先投入最需要被「找回醫療體系」的人。這才符合公共衛生所強調的健康平權。

健康幣若只是讓民眾「做一次健檢、領一次點數」,它的政策價值有限;但如果政府藉此建立一套從健康檢查、風險辨識、生活改善到慢性病管理的長期制度,它可能成為台灣醫療政策的重要轉折。台灣過去最值得驕傲的,是建立全民健保,讓人民生病時看得起醫師;下一階段更大的挑戰,則是建立一套讓人民「少生病、晚生病、不要病得那麼重」的健康制度。健保永續不能永遠只討論增加多少收入、控制多少支出,更應思考如何從源頭降低疾病負擔。健康幣因此不應只是福利政策,更不應淪為短期點數活動,而應被視為一場預防醫學的政策實驗。過去政府最大的醫療支出,是在人生病之後努力把人治好;未來更聰明的健康政策,應該是在人民還健康的時候,就願意投資讓他繼續健康。

健保永續應思考如何從源頭降低疾病負擔;健康幣也不應只是福利政策,應被視為一場預防醫學的政策實驗。(資料照)

(作者為台大醫學院碩士)

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 衛福部將於十月正式推出健康幣政策,首波適用於年滿十八歲民眾的成人健康檢查

    Very likely · Within months

  • 未來衛福部將結合衛生所、社區藥局、醫療院所、長照據點與地方政府建立實體協助機制,以避免加深健康不平等

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 健康幣的具體發放機制與兌換比例是多少?
  • 偏鄉與長者將如何獲得實體協助以避免數位落差?
  • 衛福部將如何追蹤健康幣對健檢率與篩檢率的實際影響?

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