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Back禁化武组织代表团实地察看日遗化武处理,专家:日方履约严重滞后
禁化武组织代表团实地察看日遗化武处理,专家:日方履约严重滞后
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中国新闻网1 hour agoPolitics12 min readChinaView translation

禁化武组织代表团实地察看日遗化武处理,专家:日方履约严重滞后

禁止化学武器组织总干事和执理会代表团赴吉林珲春、哈尔巴岭和敦化实地察看日本遗弃化学武器作业现场。

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8月31日至9月5日,禁止化学武器组织总干事和执理会代表团第7次访华,实地察看吉林珲春、哈尔巴岭和敦化等地的日本遗弃化学武器挖掘回收与销毁作业现场。各方认识到日遗化武对中国造成严重危害,敦促日方切实履约,彻底销毁遗弃化武。

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Why It Matters

二战结束以来,日本遗弃化武已造成2000余人中毒伤亡。1997年生效的《禁止化学武器公约》规定了销毁遗留化武的义务与时间框架。

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8月31日至9月5日,禁止化学武器组织(简称“禁化武组织”)总干事和执理会代表团赴吉林珲春、哈尔巴岭和敦化实地察看日本遗弃化学武器挖掘回收、销毁等作业现场。

据消息人士向《环球时报》记者透露,通过此次访问,各方进一步认识到日遗化武对中国人民生命财产和生态环境造成的严重现实危害,对日方妄谈所谓“巨大付出”和“贡献”有了客观认识,支持禁化武组织根据《禁止化学武器公约》(简称《公约》)规定,督促日方切实履约尽责,尽早全面、干净、彻底销毁遗弃在华化学武器,尽早还中国人民以净土。

据《环球时报》记者了解,为协助禁化武组织执理会行使对日遗化武销毁的监督职权,中方于2013年起邀请禁化武组织执理会代表团来华考察日遗化武处理情况。消息人士告诉《环球时报》记者,此次禁化武组织代表团访华系第7次,由禁化武组织总干事萨布丽娜·达拉菲奥尔和执理会主席摩洛哥常驻禁化武组织代表以及其他12个国家使节组成。

“禁化武组织执理会代表团第7次访华,并实地考察日遗化武处理情况,这深刻反映了该组织及国际社会对日遗化武问题的高度关注与持续监督。”中国国际问题研究院世界和平与安全研究所助理研究员张高胜对《环球时报》记者表示,作为禁化武组织的执行机构,执理会代表团访华,正是《公约》监督核查机制的具体运作,旨在督促日方切实履约。这彰显了对《公约》法理权威的维护。

《环球时报》记者获取的资料显示,二战结束以来,日遗化武已造成2000余人中毒伤亡,对中国人民生命财产和生态环境安全造成严重危害。1997年生效的《禁止化学武器公约》明确规定,“缔约国承诺按照本公约的规定销毁其遗留在另一缔约国领土上的所有化学武器”,“为销毁遗留的化学武器,遗留缔约国应提供一切必要的财政、技术、专家、设施及其他资源”,并规定作为遗弃国的日本有义务提供遗弃化武的埋藏线索信息。《公约》还规定了销毁遗弃化武的时间框架。上述条款构成处理日遗化武问题的国际法依据。

中国和日本都是《公约》的缔约国,双方还于1999年7月签署了《中华人民共和国政府与日本国政府关于在中国境内销毁日本遗弃化学武器的备忘录》。日本政府在备忘录中表示承担遗弃国的责任和义务,承诺按《公约》规定销毁所有遗弃在华化武。

作为遗弃国,日方应切实承担起国际义务和政治责任,按照《公约》有关条款和禁化武组织执理会决定,在禁化武组织有效监督核查下,早日彻底销毁日遗化武。

然而,据《环球时报》了解,《公约》已生效近30年,迄今为止日遗化武销毁虽取得一定进展,但仍面临严峻、突出挑战。其具体表现在,销毁进程严重滞后。《公约》规定日方应于2007年内完成遗弃化武销毁,同时设定了5年宽限期。由于日方重视不足、投入不够,致使销毁计划于2007年、2012年、2016年、2022年4次逾期。

张高胜对《环球时报》记者表示,销毁遗弃化武是日本必须履行的国际法义务。日本屡次违约,销毁工作已4次逾期,暴露了日本在履约问题上的战略模糊与政治算计,严重损害了其自我标榜的国际信誉。

此外,日方迄今为止也未提供全面、详实、准确的日遗化武线索信息。据了解,日遗化武只能被动发现、紧急处置,极大增加了伤人风险,严重迟滞了处置进度。位于佳木斯、牡丹江、尚志、珲春等地区的挖掘回收作业尚未完成。对于水域探测回收、地下探测等技术瓶颈,日方也未拿出足够的政治决心予以突破。对污染土壤处理问题日方更是逃避闪躲。日遗化武埋藏地下数十年,多数弹体锈蚀,因毒剂泄漏或毒气筒破损碎裂等原因,对土壤、水等造成严重污染,这一风险正在逐年加剧。

张高胜进一步介绍称,目前已在中国18个省区发现日遗化武,弹体锈蚀泄漏,持续威胁民众生命安全,引发土壤、水体砷污染等生态危害,哈尔巴岭等大型埋藏点风险尤为突出。代表团实地走访,直观感受日遗化武对人身安全与生态环境的威胁,确认清除日遗化武隐患的现实紧迫性,督促日方加大资金、技术、人力投入,切实落实销毁计划,推动历史遗留战争危害得到公正解决。

日遗化武问题是日本军国主义侵略历史的直接产物,也被认为是检验日本是否真正反省历史、履行国际责任的重要试金石。

张高胜分析说,历史清算不彻底导致日本历史认知存在严重扭曲,是日本没有履行全面彻底销毁责任的根本原因。战后东京审判阶段,受冷战格局影响,日军化学战罪行没有得到彻底清算,大量化学战档案被销毁、隐匿。日本社会长期存在否认、淡化日军化学战罪行的社会思潮,部分舆论炮制“武器已经移交中方,并非日本遗弃”等错误说辞,试图推卸国家责任。这种历史认知偏差传导到政府履约层面:日方将销毁工作视为外交负担而非国家必须履行战争罪责的赎罪义务,项目预算、人员配置优先级偏低,缺乏推动销毁的内在政治动力。尽管有部分日本老兵出庭作证,证实当年参与掩埋、丢弃毒弹的史实,但未能改变日本政府整体消极姿态。这也与近年来日本右翼日益猖獗,不断推进更具隐蔽性和欺骗性的“新型军国主义”相呼应,是对二战历史认知的根本扭曲。

张高胜进一步表示,日方应切实落实履约承诺,正视国际法义务与历史罪责,加大资金、设备、专业人力投入,完整公开战时化学武器生产、部署、遗弃的档案资料,尽早消除日遗化武危害。同时,国际社会应支持禁止化学武器组织发挥监督核查职能,持续对日遗化武挖掘、销毁、污染治理全过程跟踪评估,提升日方履约透明度。

中国外交部发言人毛宁7日在例行记者会上说,此次访问适逢中国人民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利纪念日。当年日本军国主义对华发动侵略,带来深重人道主义灾难,也留下了日遗化武这一历史毒患。通过访问,各方进一步认识到日遗化武对中国人民生命财产和生态环境造成的严重危害,支持禁化武组织根据《禁止化学武器公约》规定,督促日方尽早切实履约尽责,全面、干净、彻底销毁遗弃在华的化学武器,早日还中国人民以净土,实现公约提出的“无化武世界”崇高目标。

Open Questions

  • 日方何时能提供全面详实的埋藏线索信息?
  • 污染土壤和地下水的治理将如何推进?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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