
浙江省首项入选该名录的档案文献,研究人员通过鱼鳞图册复原明代寺平庄商贸繁荣历史
《中国鱼鳞图册(1581年—1934年)》入选《世界记忆亚太地区名录》,成为浙江省首项入选档案文献。研究人员通过清代汤溪“寺平庄”鱼鳞图册,复原了村庄700多年商贸繁荣历史,揭示其依靠造纸、南货、药材等产业致富,而非科举入仕或免税恩典。
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《中国鱼鳞图册(1581年—1934年)》是用于登记田土的古老地籍档案,近日入选《世界记忆亚太地区名录》,成为浙江省首项入选该名录的档案文献。寺平村是戴姓氏族自元末明初聚居形成的血缘村落,保存有百顺堂、敦睦堂、崇厚堂等24座明清古建筑,有“中国最美砖雕民居”之称。
中新网金华11月8日电(蓝伊旎 俞萍 宋洁梅)日前,《中国鱼鳞图册(1581年—1934年)》入选《世界记忆亚太地区名录》,成为浙江省首项入选该名录的档案文献。消息传来,这份诞生于数百年前、用来登记田土的古老地籍档案,再次走进公众视野。
寺平古村。金华开发区 供图
恰在此间,研究人员通过至今保存较完整的清代汤溪“寺平庄”(今金华开发区汤溪镇寺平村)鱼鳞图册,揭开这个以砖雕闻名全国的中国历史文化名村700多年长盛不衰的“财富密码”。
寺平村是戴姓氏族自元末明初聚居形成的血缘村落,村内保存有百顺堂、敦睦堂、崇厚堂等24座明清古建筑,精美砖雕遍布门楼、门楣、窗框,有“中国最美砖雕民居”之称。但研究人员翻遍《溪东戴氏宗谱》发现,戴氏一族科举入仕者并不多,没有高官俸禄支撑,当年村民靠什么财力建起这么多恢宏厅堂?代代相传最熟悉的版本是银娘入宫为家乡求来八年免税恩典的故事。直到一卷卷泛黄的鱼鳞图册被重新梳理考证,一段更完整的过往才被拼凑出来。
浙江师范大学人文学院副院长李义敏带领课题组,将鱼鳞册记录的零散地块信息建图、拼接,完成“寺平庄”鱼鳞总图,并顺着攒造顺序逐一实地比对核验,将历史地理信息与现代卫星影像精准匹配,复原了100多年前村庄土名的空间分布图。课题组把册子上密密麻麻的土名标注到卫星图上后,一条穿村而过向南延伸到南山的通道凸显出来。
据寺平村古建筑保护顾问胡阿荣多方考证,这是条明代官道,即今天的百顺路。村里还曾有一段陆路官道“通衢大道”,水陆两路最终在石六道院交汇。石六道院由此成为寺平的商贸交流中心,客栈、酒肆、肉铺、南货店挨在一起,其中兴隆黍作店的红印馒头最出名。
鱼鳞图册中“寺平庄”登记在册的山林共541.01亩,仅占总亩数的6.6%。李义敏解释,册载山亩是纳税面积而非物理面积,实际山林应不止这些。
据胡阿荣收集的信息,戴氏族人将山林产业经营得风生水起,造黄表纸、经营南货、行医卖药成为当时村里三大产业。当年寺平村共有36座纸槽专门生产黄表纸,规模最大的一家一天同时有100多把砍刀在山上采伐嫩竹。同一时期,寺平人也将南货店和药房开到了杭州、苏州等地。村党群服务中心所在位置原是土库厅,始建于明成化后期,是存放货物、贵重财物的库房。“一般乡村极少有土库,只有做生意的大商贾才造得起土库厅。”胡阿荣说。造纸、南货、药材几条生意一起做,源源不断的商贸收入后来化作建房的木料、门楼之上的砖雕。
鱼鳞图册早已不再是旧时征税的簿籍,经过GIS(地理信息系统)技术处理之后形成的“寺平庄”鱼鳞总图,给古村保护提供了一份可靠的历史底本。图册没有直接写下官道上的车马、纸槽里的水声、商铺里的喧嚣,但它稳住了故事的地理坐标。
“寺平曾经的辉煌,有恩泽庇护,更有依路而兴、靠山而生、因商而富的实干根基。这份从土地里生长出来的历史,今后也将成为寺平村走好文旅振兴之路独一份的底气。”寺平村党支部书记戴永彬心里已经有了清晰的计划。村里打算建起鱼鳞图册陈展馆,把一个个土名背后的故事讲给游客听,还将依托浙师大课题组的成果,设计一条沿着鱼鳞册勘踏顺序走的文化游览路线,让游客在时光追溯中读懂寺平不一样的“财富密码”。(完)
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
寺平村将建成鱼鳞图册陈展馆,并开设沿鱼鳞册勘踏顺序的文化游览路线
Likely · Within months

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