Breaking
FRWidow's Bay and The Pitt dominate the 2025 Emmy Awards, Jean Smart and Noah Wyle rewardedCNHonda ZR-V e:HEV launched in Taiwan! The price is 1.199 million yuan, which is 30,000 yuan cheaper than the pre-sale price.CNLotte pitcher Zhuang Xinyan was hit in the face by a battering ball and was sent to the hospitalJPUS President Trump insists Russia and Ukraine have agreed to refrain from attacking energy facilitiesJPU.S. District Court temporarily blocks enforcement of Trump administration's visa shortening rules for international students and journalistsINTLUnidentified man found dead in kitchen HVAC vent at Atlanta restaurantGLOBALThe US confirms deployment of a space weapon in Earth's orbit for the first timeUKPublic Inquiry into Lucy Letby Case to Release Findings on Hospital FailuresCNMediaTek's stock price weakens, and the three AI giants call for slowdown, causing market concernsCNThe effect of rising prices of passive components is fermenting, Xinchang Electric’s stock price is approaching HuaxinkeFRWidow's Bay and The Pitt dominate the 2025 Emmy Awards, Jean Smart and Noah Wyle rewardedCNHonda ZR-V e:HEV launched in Taiwan! The price is 1.199 million yuan, which is 30,000 yuan cheaper than the pre-sale price.CNLotte pitcher Zhuang Xinyan was hit in the face by a battering ball and was sent to the hospitalJPUS President Trump insists Russia and Ukraine have agreed to refrain from attacking energy facilitiesJPU.S. District Court temporarily blocks enforcement of Trump administration's visa shortening rules for international students and journalistsINTLUnidentified man found dead in kitchen HVAC vent at Atlanta restaurantGLOBALThe US confirms deployment of a space weapon in Earth's orbit for the first timeUKPublic Inquiry into Lucy Letby Case to Release Findings on Hospital FailuresCNMediaTek's stock price weakens, and the three AI giants call for slowdown, causing market concernsCNThe effect of rising prices of passive components is fermenting, Xinchang Electric’s stock price is approaching Huaxinke
Back算力金属价格大涨:铝、铜、锡、钽、铟等半年涨幅显著
算力金属价格大涨:铝、铜、锡、钽、铟等半年涨幅显著
Developing
中国新闻网1 hour agoBusiness4 min readChinaView translation

算力金属价格大涨:铝、铜、锡、钽、铟等半年涨幅显著

Quick Look

今年上半年,受全球人工智能算力基础设施建设加速推动,铝、铜、锡、钽、铟等有色金属需求集中释放,价格大幅上涨,其中锡、钽、铟涨幅分别突破40%、158%和60%。业内称其为“算力金属”,分为支撑算力基础设施的大宗金属(如铜、铝)和用量小但关键的稀有小金属(如锡、钽、铟)。上游矿企受益显著,中下游企业因原材料成本上升承压,行业呼吁提升产品品质、强化供需对接和多元化资源布局以应对波动。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

传统有色金属行业此前高度依赖房地产和基建投资,而人工智能算力基础设施建设的快速推动正在成为新的需求引擎,推动产业链盈利结构分化,冶炼环节贡献率最高。

Font size

上半年,铝、铜、锡、钽、铟等金属价格大涨——

“算力金属”,为何涨得这么猛?

今年上半年,受全球人工智能算力基础设施建设加速带动,铝、铜、锡、钽、铟等相关有色金属品种需求集中释放,价格出现较大幅度上涨,市场称之为“算力金属”。数据显示,锡、钽、铟3种核心小金属半年涨幅分别突破40%、158%和60%。铝、铜等大宗品种价格也持续高位运行。

这些平时少有人关注的金属,为何突然成了“香饽饽”?“算力金属”涨价后,带来哪些影响?

何为“算力金属”?

中国有色金属工业协会副会长陈学森介绍,“算力金属”并非学科传统分类,而是产业与资本市场伴随AI算力产业链发展形成的市场统称,特指支撑智算中心、AI服务器、高速光模块、先进半导体封装、液冷散热系统建设的关键材料,在电力、电子、新能源等涉电新兴产业中具有不可替代性,已成为算力产业的物质基石。

业内通常将其分为两大类。一类是支撑算力基础设施的“大宗算力金属”,以铜、铝为代表,负责导电、散热和结构支撑。另一类是“稀有算力小金属”,包括锡、钽、铟、锗、镓、钼等,用量虽小,却是先进封装、光通信、半导体制造中不可或缺的关键材料。

先看大宗算力金属。铜和铝构筑起算力网络的“骨架”。铜是算力基建的核心耗材,从铜缆互联到PCB(印制电路板)基板,从散热模组到电源系统,算力每升一级,铜消耗就上一个台阶。一台普通服务器用铜量只有几千克,而一台专门训练AI的高性能服务器用铜量高达15至30千克,是前者的3到6倍。铝则搭起了液冷系统的“血管”。当AI芯片功耗从200瓦飙到1000瓦以上,传统风冷触及物理极限,液冷就从“可选”变成“标配”,单台服务器液冷系统耗铝20至30千克。

再看稀有算力小金属。这类金属单机用量虽小,却扮演着“工业维生素”的角色,少了它们,整个算力系统就无法运转。锡因导电性好、熔点低、焊接稳定性强,成为高带宽内存和芯粒先进封装的焊料刚需。钽是钽电容的核心材料,用于服务器电源滤波和信号耦合。铟、锗、镓则广泛应用于光通信和电源管理模块,磷化铟衬底是高速光模块的核心材料,氮化镓是AI服务器电源芯片的关键基底,保障数据高速传输和电力稳定供应。

“过去有色金属行业高度依赖房地产和基建投资拉动,如今算力、新能源等新兴产业正在成为新的需求引擎,这反映出我国经济结构调整正在从宏观层面传导至具体行业。”国家发展改革委产业经济与技术经济研究所工业室主任徐建伟认为,算力“飙升”带火有色金属,本质上是新兴产业开辟出了新的刚需,让传统金属从工业基础原料变身为数字经济的核心材料。

“传统产业与新兴产业不是替代关系,更多是赋能与融合的关系。”徐建伟说,“新兴支柱产业的一个重要特征是赋能带动性,关联性强、渗透面广,能够广泛影响产业链上下游。‘算力金属’的走热,恰恰说明了这一点。可以说,新兴产业为传统产业开辟了新的应用场景和增长空间,传统产业则为新兴产业提供了不可或缺的材料支撑。”

供给紧,需求热

看今年上半年中国有色金属行业盈利整体情况,陈学森介绍,上半年有色金属产业链盈利呈现“冶炼领跑、矿山跟进、加工偏弱”的分化格局。矿山、冶炼、加工环节对行业利润增长的贡献率分别为23.6%、65.5%和11.0%,营收利润率依次为40.6%、8.9%、2.0%,同比分别提升10.3、3.4和0.7个百分点。“分品种看,铝行业利润总额同比增长114.8%,利润增长贡献率达43.5%,其中铝冶炼新增利润占全行业增量的37.1%,拉动率达34.9%,稳居行业盈利上行的第一支柱。”陈学森说。

“算力金属”大涨的背后原因是什么?中国有色金属工业协会副秘书长段绍甫认为,这是供给刚性约束与新兴产业需求扩张的共振结果。

从需求端看,新兴产业快速崛起,成为价格的核心支撑——

人工智能服务器、高速光模块、先进封装等环节对锡、钽、铟形成不可替代的实物消耗,全球云厂商人工智能资本开支持续扩张,动力电池与储能产业持续拉动锂、钴、镍、铜等品种消费,新能源汽车与电网升级也为铝、铜等大宗金属提供了稳定的需求托底。

“此外,地缘冲突扰动全球供应链,阶段性推高电解铝及冶炼副产品硫酸的价格,形成短期盈利增量。叠加去年上半年金属价格偏弱、盈利基数较低,进一步放大了本期同比增幅。”陈学森说。

从供给端看,约束持续升级,资源稀缺溢价不断抬升——

陈学森指出,一些国内关键矿产品产量受多种因素制约不升反降,电解铝产能天花板政策保持刚性,供给预期清晰稳定;多国将相关品种纳入关键矿产管理,矿山投资、出口管控趋严,进一步推高资源价格。

具体来看,锡的供给端扰动尤为突出。段绍甫分析,“缅甸佤邦锡全面复产进程屡屡低于预期,叠加雨季影响开采受阻;印尼锡出口政策审批趋严,实际到港量持续不及预期;刚果(金)因地缘政治及疫情扰动导致锡供应频繁受阻。”他进一步解释,在供需紧平衡格局下,金属价格中枢持续上移。

从国家层面看,今年6月,《中华人民共和国矿产资源法实施条例》(以下简称《条例》)实施,该条例与新修订的《中华人民共和国矿产资源法》相配套,将战略性矿产从原规划的24种扩展至36种,其中,稀土、钨、锂、钴、镓、锗等关键矿产被正式列入国家级战略性矿产资源目录,目录还覆盖了钼、铟、铜等有色金属品种。矿产资源法及《条例》的出台,对战略性矿产资源的保护作出了明确规定,供给天花板预期进一步强化。

“业内普遍判断,短期供需格局未发生根本性改变,价格中枢存在支撑。”段绍甫说,“但当前宏观层面美联储政策信号及美元走势持续构成估值压力,地缘局势也存在不确定性,市场情绪高度敏感,行情波动风险不容忽视。”

理性看待波动

“算力金属”涨价之后,谁受益、谁承压?

上游矿企率先受益。洛阳钼业储备有铜、钴、钼三大核心算力金属,2026年上半年实现营业收入1353.20亿元,同比增长42.78%;归母净利润161.52亿元,同比增长86.27%。云南锗业�计2026年上半年归母净利润5500万元至8000万元,同比增长148.31%至261.18%。中国有色集团上半年利润总额同比增长32.1%,旗下中色大冶铜绿山矿、铜山口矿加快智能化转型,排水、通风、提升系统实现远程集控,电机车无人驾驶进入常态化运行。

但中下游企业承压明显。相较于上游矿产企业享受价格红利,中下游封测、PCB及光模块厂商面临原材料成本持续抬升的困境。磷化铟衬底作为光模块企业不可或缺的材料,6英寸高端产品已从8000元/片涨至1.8万—2.8万元/片,涨幅超过250%。锡价上涨导致下游焊料企业大面积成本倒挂,采购端转向刚需观望。

面对价格上涨和供给压力,段绍甫认为,需在3个层面作出调整。

一是提升产品品质适配能力。算力产业链对材料的高纯度、定制化要求,与传统标准化供给存在错配。企业应着力提升产品品质和一致性,在产能约束下做精做深,更好满足高端制造对材料的高品质需求,以差异化供给提升市场竞争力。

二是强化上下游供需对接。上游原材料涨价对中下游用户形成成本压力,部分应用终端开始寻求替代材料或调整库存。上下游还应建立更紧密的供需对接机制。

三是多元化布局资源保障渠道。算力相关的铝、锡等品种,其上游矿产资源对外依存度较高,海外供应扰动频繁已是新常态。企业应在海外权益矿、再生回收、长协采购等方面形成组合安排,增强供应链韧性。

展望后市,陈学森认为,未来核心观察变量在于新兴产业需求落地节奏、全球矿产供给释放进度以及大宗商品市场整体环境,各方需理性看待波动,密切跟踪产业链动态。

本报记者 孔德晨 《人民日报海外版》(2026年09月15日 第 11 版)

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 算力金属价格中枢在短期内将继续保持支撑,波动幅度可能收窄

    Likely · Within weeks

  • 上游矿企将继续受益于价格上涨,但需关注其产能释放节奏和成本控制情况

    Possible · Within months

  • 中下游企业将通过提升产品品质、强化供需对接和多元化资源布局来应对原材料成本压力

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 美联储政策转向对大宗商品估值的具体影响程度
  • 全球主要经济体算力基础设施投资的持续性和规模
  • 替代材料或技术路线对算力金属需求的潜在冲击时间点
  • 国家战略性矿产目录扩容对实际矿产开发和利用的操作细则

Related Topics

This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

Related Stories

MediaTek's stock price weakens, and the three AI giants call for slowdown, causing market concerns
Developing·

MediaTek's stock price weakens, and the three AI giants call for slowdown, causing market concerns

AI industry leader Anthropic CEO Amodai, xAI chief Musk and OpenAI CEO Altman have successively called for slowing down cutting-edge model development and strengthening security assessments, triggering market concerns that the AI giant will reduce capital expenditures. The Philadelphia Semiconductor Index plummeted 5.86%. MediaTek's stock price retested the 10-day line in early trading, falling 1.75% to 4,480 yuan. Although MediaTek's consolidated revenue hit a new monthly high in August, with an annual increase of 44.08%, and will release TSMC's 2-nanometer flagship SoC Dimensity 9600 series and the RTX Spark super chip in cooperation with NVIDIA, the market is still affected by the slowdown in AI.

自由时报
2 min read
The effect of rising prices of passive components is fermenting, Xinchang Electric’s stock price is approaching Huaxinke
Developing·

The effect of rising prices of passive components is fermenting, Xinchang Electric’s stock price is approaching Huaxinke

The rise in the stock price of Murata, a major global passive component manufacturer, has led to the popularity of Taiwanese manufacturers. Xinchang Electric (6173) once reached 308 yuan in early trading and was temporarily quoted at 301.5 yuan, an increase of more than 2.6%, with a trading volume of more than 15,000 contracts. The company's legal meeting pointed out that in the second half of the year, the overall price of products will increase by about 30%. The demand for high-power MLCCs such as AI servers has exploded, resulting in supply exceeding demand, and the delivery period has been extended to 12 months. Foreign investors have sold over 1,761 contracts recently, but both dealers and investment banks have overbought, with the main force selling a net 422 contracts. The stock price has doubled since the end of July, when it was about 132.5 yuan. Investors should be cautious when pursuing higher prices.

自由时报
2 min read
Honda ZR-V e:HEV launched in Taiwan! The price is 1.199 million yuan, which is 30,000 yuan cheaper than the pre-sale price.
BREAKING·

Honda ZR-V e:HEV launched in Taiwan! The price is 1.199 million yuan, which is 30,000 yuan cheaper than the pre-sale price.

Honda ZR-V e:HEV was officially launched in Taiwan on September 15, priced at 1.199 million yuan, a price reduction of 30,000 yuan from the pre-sale price, with an annual sales target of 3,000 units. The vehicle is equipped with a 2.0L Atkinson engine and electric motor, with an average fuel consumption of 20.4km/l. It is equipped with a 10.2-inch TFT instrument, a 9-inch touch audio, BOSE audio and other rich configurations.

自由时报
1 min read
Ganyu Seafood "West Post": Delivering the freshest live seafood to the big cities farthest from the sea
Developing·

Ganyu Seafood "West Post": Delivering the freshest live seafood to the big cities farthest from the sea

With its unique seafood industry base, the town of Haifa in Yunnan City's Yangtze District has achieved efficient distribution of fresh seafood products from source to terminal through the establishment of a national fresh pre-storage facility. It currently ships 22 tonnes per day at pre-store locations such as Chongqing, Tehran and Urumqi, with daily revenues exceeding 2 million yuan, and over 70 billion yuan cumulative on-line transactions for ten years.

中国新闻网
3 min read
Praising China's "Economic" Lucky Start丨Stimulating the Vitality of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises with a "Policy Combination"
Developing·

Praising China's "Economic" Lucky Start丨Stimulating the Vitality of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises with a "Policy Combination"

Ten departments including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology announced the "15th Five-Year Plan" to promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, which proposed that by 2030, there will be 22,000 specialized and new "little giant" enterprises and 600 national-level small and medium-sized enterprise characteristic industry clusters. It also emphasized that a combination of policies should be used to solve problems such as financing difficulties, industrial chain collaboration, and business environment, so as to stimulate the vitality of small and medium-sized enterprises and promote high-quality economic development.

中国新闻网
3 min read
More on this topic算力金属