
1944年,由美国华裔医药援华会捐建的中国第一座血库从纽约搬迁至云南昆明,服务于抗战前线。血库由易见龙主持,采血超300万毫升,救治众多伤员,并培养首批现代血库人才。旧址如今成为云南省第一人民医院的文化广场,见证中友谊延续。
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抗战时期,美国华裔医药科学家许肇堆等人在纽约发起创建美国医药援华会,以人道主义精神支持中国抗战。1941年决定捐赠血库给中国,并培养专业人才。1943年中国血库在纽约成立,后搬迁至昆明服务于远征军。
走进位于云南省会昆明市中心的云南省第一人民医院(下称云南省一院),在输血科走廊上,悬挂着一张并不引人注目的黑白照片。但仔细端详后才发现:这张拍摄于1944年的照片上的两个人,分别是坐在木桌前的抗日将领杜聿明,和一位低头为他做献血前检查的年轻护士。这位护士,是作家林语堂的长女林如斯。
80多年前,这个“中国第一座血库”从美国纽约“搬”到了云南昆明。记者23日走进云南省一院,探访由输血科打造的“中国第一座血库历史长廊”,重温这段跨越太平洋的“血浓于水,并肩抗敌”之路。
“因为这座血库,无数抗战将士的生命得以延续。”云南省一院输血科主任张婵说。
位于云南省立昆华医院(现云南省第一人民医院)的军政部军医署血库。云南省第一人民医院 供图
美国纽约:一座为中国抗战诞生的血库
抗战时期,由美国华裔医药科学家许肇堆等人在纽约发起创建的美国医药援华会(ABMAC),以“人道高于一切”的信条,为战火中的中国募集医疗器械与药品。1941年,该会决定捐赠一座输血救伤的血库给中国,并设立奖学金,定向培养中国血库专业人才。
在加拿大多伦多大学进修的中国学者易见龙受聘参与筹建,与留美学者黄若珍等人一同掌握了当时处于医学发展最前沿的采供血与血液制品制备技术。
1943年6月7日,中国血库(Chinese Blood Bank)在纽约唐人街附近成立并试运行,易见龙任主任,黄若珍任副主任——这是第一个完全由中国人主持的血库。
消息传开,中国留学生、华侨与美国友好人士竞相献血,半年之内共采血1157份。揭幕当天,前中央卫生署署长刘瑞恒、中国驻纽约总领事于焌吉等人率先挽袖,他们捐献的血液被制成血液制品,运往中国抗日前线。
云南昆明:跨越三大洋的一次“搬家”
经过半年卓有成效的试运行,1944年2月,易见龙率领血库工作人员,携带仪器设备200余箱(重20余吨)以及所制备的血液制品启程回国。
时值第二次世界大战关键时刻,为躲避潜艇袭击,他们走了一条大迂回的航线:乘美国货轮进入大西洋,经巴拿马运河入太平洋,绕行抵达印度,最后乘飞机越过喜马拉雅山到达昆明。
应中缅印战区美国部队最高司令官史迪威请求,血库落户昆明,为中国远征军反攻滇缅战事服务。1944年7月12日,血库在昆明市金碧路云南省立昆华医院(现云南省第一人民医院)举行开幕典礼,定名为军政部军医署血库,成为中国历史上第一座血库,易见龙担任主任。
开幕当天,杜聿明带头献血,为他做献血前检查的正是林如斯。这位从美国归来的年轻女子,凭借流利的英语翻译大量技术文件,为血库的引进与建设出力,被授予国民革命军中尉军衔。
“当时,血库在各大报纸加强宣传、呼吁献血救治生命。”张婵说。此后主动来院献血的人里,大部分是西南联大的学生,许多人捐血不止一次;还有200多名中国士兵在作战间隙为战友献血。
飞跃山海:血液输送前线挽救无数生命
云南省一院“中国第一座血库历史长廊”展板上,记录着当时血库工作人员的艰辛,在战时困难条件下,血库医务工作者因地制宜、土洋结合。没有自来水,自建蓄水箱用人力汲水入箱造“土自来水”。
在自来水都没有的地方,要保持“无菌”难度极大。血库工作人员用最严格的操作,达到“无菌”标准:每天200余个采血瓶,每一只瓶先冲洗5遍、过肥皂水,再用清水冲洗5遍,硫酸浸洗后,再冲5遍清水,然后过5遍蒸馏水。几百英尺长的胶管要一段段洗过,在蒸馏水里煮沸。
“面对繁重的工作,工作人员毫无怨言,勇于承担。”张婵说。血库制成的血液制品用飞机直接运往滇西腾冲前线救治伤员,拯救了无数前线将士的生命。
史迪威在归国前,写信赞扬说:“血库给Y部队英勇顽强的中国士兵提供了极好的服务,你们尽可确信,你们机构的优秀工作挽救了许多士兵的生命”。“Y部队”即中国远征军第一批30个师的代号。
中国输血协会资料显示,该血库在昆明运行的一年多时间里,采血总量超过300万毫升,捐血者总计1万余人,救治了大批伤员,同时还为中国培养了第一批掌握现代血库知识的技术人员和管理者。
承载着这段记忆的血库旧址,如今仍在云南省一院院内,被辟为“石榴园”文化广场,供病患休憩。输血科已成长为云南省临床输血质量控制中心,担负起全省临床输血“质量监督员”与“技术教练”职责。
八十多年过去,中美友谊的故事一直在这里延续。2025年8月,美籍游客Tammy Jane在云南旅游期间突发重症肺炎,在云南省一院开展精准抗感染治疗后,最终转危为安。出院前,患者的丈夫特意写下两封真挚的感谢信,向医护团队表达他们的感动和感谢。
从80多年前美国援建血库、为中国抗战“输血”,到今天中国医生为美国患者守住生命——这份跨越太平洋的情谊接续发展。
“医院建设这条历史长廊,就是想让每个走进输血科的人都看见:今天普普通通的一袋血,是由先辈在战火硝烟中从零建起的,提醒大家珍惜来之不易的和平年代。”张婵说,更要以此鼓励年轻人发扬先辈优良传统,把输血工作做得更好,挽救更多患者的生命。(完)

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