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Back80岁卢拉将开启第四个总统任期:工人出身,曾入狱580天,向西方喊话“巴西不是任何人后院”
80岁卢拉将开启第四个总统任期:工人出身,曾入狱580天,向西方喊话“巴西不是任何人后院”
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中国新闻网2 hours agoWorld6 min readChinaView translation

80岁卢拉将开启第四个总统任期:工人出身,曾入狱580天,向西方喊话“巴西不是任何人后院”

在巴西总统选举第二轮投票中,劳工党候选人卢拉战胜对手,成功实现连任

Quick Look

当地时间10月25日,巴西现任总统卢拉在总统选举第二轮投票中获胜,赢得连任。他将于2027年1月5日就职,开启为期4年的第四个总统任期。卢拉在竞选中强调其过往政绩及社会福利政策,但新任期将面临国会博弈及经济挑战。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

卢拉曾于2018年至2019年因腐败指控入狱580天,后于2021年被最高法院裁定判决无效,从而重返政坛。

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中新网10月26日电(冯小妍)当地时间10月25日,巴西举行总统选举第二轮投票,劳工党候选人、现任总统卢拉战胜在首轮投票中领先的自由党候选人、前总统博索纳罗之子弗拉维奥·博索纳罗,赢得连任。胜选后,卢拉发文称:“感谢巴西人民!”

自1989年恢复总统直选以来,卢拉是巴西首位在首轮投票落败后最终获胜的候选人。他将于2027年1月5日就职,开启为期4年的第四个总统任期。

外媒指出,作为全球左翼的标志性人物、本世纪巴西政坛最具影响力的人物之一,卢拉胜选,遏制了拉美右翼政党接连取胜的势头,这也是他政治生涯中又一次高光时刻。未来四年,他将带领巴西走向何方?

曾入狱580天,坚称“巴西不是任何人的后院”

卢拉全名路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦,于1945年10月出生于巴西东北部一个贫苦的农民家庭。

7岁时,卢拉随家人迁往圣保罗州,寻求更好的生活。在圣保罗州生活期间,卢拉曾辍学做过擦鞋工,后来进入一家工厂工作。

20多岁时,卢拉开始投身工会运动,曾组织多次罢工。20世纪70年代初,卢拉成为工会领袖和反抗当时军政府统治的先锋。1980年,卢拉参与创建巴西劳工党。

2002年,卢拉作为劳工党总统候选人在选举中大获全胜,首次当选总统,也成为巴西历史上获得选票最多的总统和第一位工人出身的总统。在其执政期间,全球大宗商品需求上升,推动巴西经济蓬勃发展;他在任内实施的大规模社会福利计划,帮助数百万民众摆脱了贫困。

2006年,卢拉成功连任总统。

然而,卢拉的政治生涯此后遭遇重大挫折。2014年,巴西司法机关启动了“洗车行动”大规模反腐调查,卢拉此后受到调查。2018年4月,卢拉因腐败相关指控入狱,直至2019年11月获释,前后在狱中度过580天。

2021年,巴西联邦最高法院裁定,卢拉此前因涉嫌贪腐所获的所有判决“均无效”。这为卢拉重返政坛、参加总统选举扫清了障碍。

2022年,卢拉第三次赢得总统选举,击败了时任总统雅伊尔·博索纳罗,成为巴西首位赢得第三个任期的总统。

在执政理念上,卢拉主张扩大政府职能、加强社会政策和保障劳动者权益。在外交方面,他积极参与国际事务,将金砖合作、南南合作写入新版外交政策纲领。卢拉还高度重视对华关系,积极推动构建更公正世界和更可持续星球的巴中命运共同体。

在2026年巴西总统选举中,卢拉再度胜选。25日晚,卢拉在巴西圣保罗市发表胜选讲话,感谢巴西人民的支持,帮助他战胜外国势力对选举的干涉,他强调,巴西“不是任何人的后院”。

靠“熟悉的道路”赢得选民

在此次选举中,即将迎来81岁生日的卢拉打破了民调机构的预测,用事实驳斥了许多断言其“政治生涯走到尽头”的说法。

有分析认为,卢拉之所以能够赢得连任,既得益于其个人魅力,与其长期积累的政治影响力有关,也与他在竞选期间集中推出的政策措施有关。

卢拉在本次竞选期间强调了其政绩,称贫困和不平等程度有所下降,失业率、文盲率和森林砍伐率在其第三个总统任期内均降至历史低位。

此外,卢拉推出一系列福利措施,并提出多项政策承诺,以提高自己在第二轮选举中的胜算。

2026年9月,卢拉宣布将巴西主要福利计划“家庭补助金”的发放金额提高15%。这一增额措施于大选前几天开始执行,预计将惠及近5000万人。

卢拉还支持推出面向小企业的信贷纾困及税收优惠措施,使它们能够获得低息政府贷款,并重新协商部分债务。为控制燃料成本,卢拉还采取了一些行政措施,比如在30天内取消汽油进口和销售的联邦税收,并允许根据情况进一步延长期限。

一家咨询机构的联合创始人表示,选民选择了卢拉所代表的“熟悉的道路”,而不是博索纳罗所代表的“新鲜路线”。

25日晚,卢拉在胜选讲话中谈及新一届政府的施政方向。他称,政府将进一步加强在社交媒体平台上与民众沟通,更加关注老年人、妇女等群体诉求。卢拉还表示,将继续加强应对气候变化的行动。此外,他还承诺推进公共卫生体系改革,为民众提供更优质的医疗卫生服务。

“很可能是最难的一个任期”

尽管卢拉取得了政治生涯中的又一次重大胜利,但多家外媒指出,这位巴西领导人将面对的,很可能是其最艰难的一个任期。与国会的艰难博弈、高企的债务水平等,都是卢拉在第四任期即将面临的挑战。

路透社指出,博索纳罗所属的自由党及其盟友政党合计可能在众议院控制超过280个席位,并在参议院占据多达50个席位,这足以使反对派在两院都拥有相当稳固的多数席位,可能会加剧卢拉在预算、重大立法和关键提名方面的阻力。新政府将在许多必须提交国会审议的问题上,面临耗时费力的谈判。

经济层面,卢拉同样面临压力。路透社指出,巴西政府预计,2027年经济增速仅为2.3%。与此同时,高利率和公共债务问题加剧了财政担忧。

《金融时报》也将经济视为卢拉新任期面临的主要挑战之一。该媒体称,如果卢拉不采取措施大幅压缩公共支出,他将面临在金融市场中遭遇严重公信力危机的风险。

不过,分析指出,纵观卢拉的政治生涯,他曾在重大挫折后重返政治舞台,并展现出将左翼政策主张与务实政治策略相结合的能力。这使他得以应对经济政策受到挑战的时期。而此次胜选,再次凸显了卢拉在巴西政坛的影响力。

面对第四任期内的挑战,卢拉能否继续保持同样高超的政治智慧以应对严峻挑战,将成为影响其执政前景的关键。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 卢拉将于2027年1月5日正式就职。

    Very likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 卢拉如何应对国会反对派的阻力?
  • 新政府将采取何种具体财政压缩措施?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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