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Back膽固醇正常小心心肌梗塞!醫師警告:這「兩種血脂」才是發炎元兇
膽固醇正常小心心肌梗塞!醫師警告:這「兩種血脂」才是發炎元兇
Health
自由时报2 hours agoHealth3 min readChinaView translation

膽固醇正常小心心肌梗塞!醫師警告:這「兩種血脂」才是發炎元兇

研究發現兩種血脂相關血液蛋白特徵部分重疊,與免疫反應、發炎訊號及血管組織變化相關,提供膽固醇以外的風險評估線索

Quick Look

瑞典研究團隊分析英國生物銀行3萬5269名無既往心血管疾病者的資料,發現三酸甘油酯富集脂蛋白與脂蛋白(a)相關的血液蛋白特徵部分重疊,與免疫反應、發炎訊號及血管組織變化相關,且與較高冠狀動脈疾病風險有關,提供膽固醇以外的風險評估新線索。

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Why It Matters

壞膽固醇(低密度脂蛋白)長期被視為評估心臟病風險的重要指標,但研究人員正探索其他血脂與血液蛋白特徵是否也能提供冠狀動脈疾病風險線索。

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血液中的不同脂質與蛋白質特徵,是研究人員探討心血管疾病風險的重要研究方向;示意圖。(取自Freepik)

〔編譯陳成良/綜合報導〕壞膽固醇不是評估心臟病風險的唯一線索。瑞典研究發現,另外兩種與心血管疾病有關的血脂,與發炎及血管變化相關的血液蛋白特徵有部分重疊,為理解膽固醇以外的風險提供新線索。

科學新聞網站《SciTechDaily》報導,這項研究8月31日刊登於《歐洲心臟期刊》(European Heart Journal)。研究團隊分析英國生物銀行(UK Biobank)3萬5269名沒有既往心血管疾病者的資料,檢視近3000種血液蛋白,並以另一組5915人的資料進行驗證。

研究比較3種血脂,包括俗稱「壞膽固醇」的低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、富含三酸甘油酯的脂蛋白(TRL),以及脂蛋白(a)〔Lp(a)〕。研究人員發現,與TRL相關的血液蛋白特徵有471種,與Lp(a)相關的有53種,其中36種重疊。

這些共同特徵與免疫反應、發炎訊號及血管組織變化有關。換句話說,研究發現,TRL與Lp(a)不只和血脂數值有關,也呈現部分相似的生物訊號。不過,這不代表兩種血脂的作用完全相同,也不能單憑這項研究認定發炎直接造成心臟病。

血脂數值之外的風險線索

研究團隊接著追蹤參與者的健康紀錄。英國生物銀行的分析族群中,有1599人在追蹤期間罹患冠狀動脈疾病。研究人員校正血脂濃度及其他可能影響結果的因素後,發現TRL與Lp(a)相關的蛋白特徵仍與較高的冠狀動脈疾病風險有關;LDL相關的蛋白特徵則未呈現統計上顯著的關聯。

進一步的統計分析估算,免疫活化與血管重塑相關的蛋白特徵,可能解釋TRL與冠狀動脈疾病風險關聯的62%,以及Lp(a)相關風險關聯的14%。這是統計模型估算的關聯比例,並非證明這些生物過程直接導致疾病。

研究並未否定控制壞膽固醇的重要性,而是指出,其他血脂相關的生物訊號也可能有助於理解冠狀動脈疾病風險。這些蛋白特徵能否進一步改善風險評估,仍有待後續研究確認。

Open Questions

  • 這些蛋白特徵能否進一步改善臨床風險評估?
  • 免疫活化與血管重塑是否直接導致冠狀動脈疾病?
  • 後續研究是否會驗證這些發現的臨床應用價值?

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