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Back為應對中國海軍擴張,美考慮採購日韓土耳其製巡防艦
為應對中國海軍擴張,美考慮採購日韓土耳其製巡防艦
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自由时报5 hours agoDefense2 min readChinaView translation

為應對中國海軍擴張,美考慮採購日韓土耳其製巡防艦

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為應對中國海軍近年來的急遽擴張並彌補本土造船產能不足,美國海軍與白宮正研議打破逾一世紀以來軍艦皆由本土建造的傳統,考慮採購由日本、南韓甚至土耳其設計並建造的新一代巡防艦。美方官員表示日本造艦技術極為優異,並可能採用所謂的「芬蘭模式」推動,即外國業者在美國投資造船廠後,可先在母國建造兩艘同型艦交付美軍,隨後將建造作業與技術轉移至美國本土。然而,此構想在華府內部仍面臨重大阻力,國會軍事委員會試圖刪除國安豁免並限制相關經費支出,行政與立法部門的角力將決定計畫最終走向。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

中國海軍現代化驅逐艦與巡防艦數量在二〇〇一年至二六年間暴增近七倍,而美國造船工業在冷戰後大幅萎縮,年產商船量僅剩個位數。美國目前總艦隊規模為九七〇艘,領先中國的七〇〇艘,但兵力分散全球,使其在亞太海域的相對優勢受到威脅。

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為因應中國海軍近年來的急遽擴張,並彌補本土造船產能不足,美國海軍與白宮正積極研議打破逾一世紀以來軍艦皆由本土建造的傳統,考慮採購由日本、南韓甚至土耳其設計並建造的新一代巡防艦。

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亞太相對優勢恐逐漸流失

多名美軍海軍官員向「日經亞洲」(Nikkei Asia)透露,五角大廈目前面臨艦艇數量不足的嚴峻挑戰。據日本防衛省統計,中國現代化驅逐艦與巡防艦數量在二〇〇一年至二六年間暴增近七倍,雖然美國目前仍以九七〇艘艦艇的總艦隊規模,領先中國的七〇〇艘,但美軍兵力分散全球,隨著中國海軍實力迅速逼近,美國在亞太海域的相對優勢恐將逐漸流失。

中國、南韓和日本分居全球造船產能前三大國,相較之下,美國造船工業在冷戰後大幅萎縮,年產商船量僅剩個位數。川普政府在二〇二七財政年度預算中雖編列六六〇億美元用於建造卅四艘軍艦與支援艦艇,但因本土產能無法及時跟上,五角大廈因而將目光轉向具備成熟造艦實力的盟邦。

坦言日造艦技術極為優異

美國海軍研究協會新聞(USNI News)報導,目前列入評估的海外艦型,包括日本三菱重工研發、已獲澳洲皇家海軍青睞的「最上級」(Mogami-class)飛彈巡防艦外銷升級版;由南韓造船巨擘現代重工(HHI)打造的「忠南級」(Chungnam-class)飛彈巡防艦;以及土耳其的「伊斯坦堡級」(Istanbul-class)巡防艦。

預計採用「芬蘭模式」推動

美方官員坦言,日本造艦技術「極為優異」,「我們可能會採購一些日本的巡防艦」。而南韓總統李在明今年七月與川普會晤時,也曾引介南韓主要造船業者,並表達高度合作意願,美軍高層與國會代表團近期更密集參訪南韓造船廠。

這項罕見的軍購構想預計採用所謂的「芬蘭模式」推動。依據白宮今年八月發布的造船振興備忘錄,外國業者若承諾在美國投資新建或收購既有造船廠,將獲准在其母國建造前兩艘同型艦先行交付美軍,隨後再將建造作業與技術轉移至美國本土船廠生產。此舉旨在迅速填補美軍水面戰力空缺,避免高階的「勃克級」神盾驅逐艦虛擲於爭議較低海域的基礎巡邏,或一般護航任務。

海外購艦面臨內部重大阻力

不過,這項海外購艦構想在華府內部仍面臨重大阻力。白宮雖援引「國家安全利益」豁免條款,試圖繞過禁止外國建造軍艦入列服役的法律限制,但國會參眾兩院軍事委員會已在二七財年國防授權法案(NDAA)草案中採取反制,試圖刪除國安豁免並嚴格限制相關經費支出。行政與立法部門後續的角力,將直接牽動這項劃時代海外造艦計畫的最終走向。

滯留6#川普#美國#中國海軍#五角大廈#採購日韓軍艦#抗衡中國#白宮〈/span

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 美國國會將在二〇二七財政年度國防授權法案中保留部分國安豁免條款,但將嚴格限制海外採購軍艦的數量與預算比例。

    Likely · Within months

  • 若海外採購計畫獲批,首批日韓製巡防艦將在兩年內交付美軍,同時美國本土造船廠將開始接受技術轉移與試產。

    Possible · Within years

Open Questions

  • 國會是否會最終批准海外採購軍艦的經費與豁免條款?
  • 若採用「芬蘭模式」,技術轉移至美國本土的時間表與成效將如何?
  • 日本、南韓與土耳其在此軍購計畫中的具體角色與分工是什麼?
  • 此舉是否會引發美國國內造船業者與工會的強烈反彈?

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