
文章通过课本中的长征叙事,探讨长征精神如何在新时代青年中传承与转化,强调其不仅是历史事件,更是思想淬炼和前进动力,引用学生实践体会和毛泽东诗词,指出当代‘新长征’在于科技攻坚、乡村振兴和民族复兴等领域的奋斗。
AI-generated summary
文章介绍了长征的历史背景及其在课本中的教育功能,指出长征不仅是军事转移,更是思想淬炼过程,遵义会议是关键转折点。
【课本里的长征】
作者:车宗凯(清华大学马克思主义学院助理教授)
开栏的话
90年前,在中国共产党领导下,中国工农红军胜利完成了震撼世界、彪炳史册的长征。90年来,共产党人在长征中坚不可摧的理想信念和伟大精神,一直激励着一代又一代青少年。长征故事,被收录进大中小学不同学段、不同科目的课本里;伟大长征精神,在语文课、历史课、思政课等课堂上,被讲述、被传承。本版今起推出专栏“课本里的长征”,一起走进课本里的长征故事,从课本中的篇目说开去,探索伟大长征精神如何为青少年源源不断地提供成长养分。
从1934年10月至1936年10月,在中国共产党领导下,中国工农红军胜利完成震撼世界、彪炳史册的长征。作家魏巍后来曾用一个极为形象的比喻来形容长征——“地球上的红飘带”。90年过去,这条“红飘带”不仅向全世界证明了中国共产党人的理想信念是坚不可摧的,更教育和引领着一代又一代人走好属于自己的长征路。这条“红飘带”同样串联起了大中小学不同学段的思政课堂。
讲长征,就要走到一线、走到现场去,感悟这场伟大远征。去年暑期,我带着同学们在湖南沅陵开展实践教学。在这里,我们走进了位于沅陵镇白岩界村的“王家大院”——红二、六军团进袭沅陵指挥部旧址。1934年11月,红二、六军团发动湘西攻势、攻打沅陵县城,为中央红军战略转移、实现通道转兵创造了有利条件。在那之前,其实很多同学对于通道转兵是什么、为什么要“转”的问题一知半解。走到现场、站在沙盘和地图前,大家真切感受到了这场远征路上一次深谋远虑的战略抉择。课本上的“长征”,在此刻被具象化了。
讲长征,要讲党和革命事业从挫折走向胜利的伟大转折,更要讲真理是如何在实践中被检验、被接受的。“长征在马克思主义中国化的进程中有什么特别的意义?”当讲到《毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系概论》课本中“新民主主义革命理论”这一章时,我在课上抛出了这个问题。一开始,很多同学的脸上泛起了疑惑。第五次反“围剿”为何会失败?长征初期为何损失惨重?伴随着这些问题徐徐展开,同学们逐渐认识到,红军在长征路上既面临着凶恶残暴的追兵阻敌、严酷恶劣的自然环境,还面临着同党内错误思想和路线的激烈斗争。这绝不只是一场地理意义上的跋涉,更是一次思想意义上的淬炼,长征途中召开的遵义会议意义正在于此。
讲长征,要讲那场跨越二万五千里的转移,更要讲出背后的伟大精神。长征,绝不是冷冰冰的里程数字,而是中国共产党人谱就的一部精神史诗。这种精神,既体现在红军血战湘江、四渡赤水、巧渡金沙江、强渡大渡河、飞夺泸定桥、鏖战独树镇、勇克包座、转战乌蒙山、征服冰山雪岭、穿越沼泽草地的英勇无畏之中,更表现为一种革命的乐观主义和浪漫主义精神。感悟这种精神最好的办法,就是阅读经典作品。在讲到课本中关于“我们党在革命战争的指导上犯了‘左’倾教条主义错误,其直接结果是红军被迫进行长征,革命事业遭受严重挫折”时,除了讲挫折和艰辛,我还和同学们一起重温了毛泽东同志著名的词作《清平乐·会昌》——“东方欲晓,莫道君行早。踏遍青山人未老,风景这边独好。”读上去,似乎写下这首词的词人内心是兴奋、愉悦的。然而,事实上,在写下这首词的时候,毛泽东同志正处在人生的低谷之中。正如他后来所说:“1934年,形势危急,准备长征,心情又是郁闷的。”课堂上,许多在科研上和学习上处在爬坡过坎阶段的学生找到了共鸣。有同学在课后说:“我的面前,摆着科技高地上的一个个‘娄山关’和‘腊子口’——芯片架构、操作系统、发动机叶片、精密传感器……每一个‘卡脖子’的节点,都是一座必须攻克的堡垒。我不会站在山脚下等待,也不会等到所有‘条件成熟’,而要在攻关中增长本领。”
90年后,我们还在进行着一场“新的长征”。当讲到课本最后一部分“不断谱写马克思主义中国化时代化新篇章”时,我再次提起长征。毛泽东同志曾说过,夺取全国胜利,这只是万里长征走完了第一步,“革命以后的路程更长,工作更伟大,更艰苦”。当前,以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴的新征程,就是这场远征的延续。在中国共产党人的语境中,“长征”早已不再仅仅是1934年至1936年那条在中华大地上铺展开来的“红飘带”,更是一种精神、一种信念、一种力量。在期末作业里,有学生写下了这样的文字:“今天的我们,不用再爬雪山、过草地了,但属于我们这一代人的‘长征’也并不轻松。我们的长征路,是在实验室里攻克‘卡脖子’技术,是在乡村振兴的第一线挥洒汗水,是在国际舞台上讲好中国故事,是在平凡的岗位上把每一件小事做好。”一代人有一代人的长征,这句话深深印刻在新时代青年的内心深处;伟大长征精神,依然指引着这一代青年人积极奋进、乐观向上、攻坚克难、一往无前。
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
随着新时代教育改革深化,长征精神将在更多学科课堂中得到创新性传播
Likely · Within months
青年人将在科技自立自强、乡村振兴等领域继续以长征精神面对‘卡脖子’难题
Very likely · Within years

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