
文章讲述了1934年红六军团在贵州石阡县困牛山掩护突围时,红军战士在弹尽粮绝情况下集体跳崖牺牲的悲壮历史。该事件长期被尘封,直到2001年石阡县党史工作者杨又铸等人通过二十余年走访调查才逐步还原真相。如今,困牛山已成为红色教育基地和旅游景点,村庄通过发展红色旅游和农特产品实现经济增长,村民收入提升,红色精神得以传承。
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困牛山战斗发生于1934年10月,当时红六军团作为长征先遣队在贵州石阡县遭遇敌军重兵围困,红十八师师长龙云和五十二团团长田海清率领数百名红军断后,掩护主力突围。
新华社贵阳9月25日电 题:困牛山上的纵身一跃
新华社记者李凡
秋日的困牛山,群山叠翠,碧水潺潺。在困牛山红军壮举纪念碑前,来此瞻仰缅怀的红色研学团队络绎不绝。山脚下,宽阔的柏油路直通村口,一栋栋新居错落有致。
这处如今远近闻名的红色美丽村庄,在90余年前关联着一段悲壮的过往。1934年10月,作为长征先遣队的红六军团,行进至贵州石阡县境内,陷入敌人重兵包围。为掩护军团主力突围,红十八师师长龙云、五十二团团长田海清率领数百名红军战士断后,将敌军牵制在地势险峻的困牛山。
敌人久攻不下,胁迫当地老百姓做人肉盾牌,将红军逼至悬崖边。在弹尽粮绝之际,红军战士砸毁枪支,走向悬崖,三五成群纵身跃下。
这场惨烈的困牛山战斗,因为史料长期缺失等种种原因,尘封半个多世纪。
“在旧材料里,只发现有红军战士们‘集体跳崖,壮烈牺牲’这一线索。”2001年,时任石阡县委党史研究室副主任的杨又铸和他同事深感刺痛:“长征胜利这么多年了,为何记载仅寥寥数笔?这是我们党史工作者对他们的亏欠。”
带着这份执着,杨又铸和同事查阅资料,扎根山间村落,走访大量失散红军后代、目击者、知情人,历时二十余年,一点点还原了这段悲壮历史。
在走访中,不少高龄见证者回忆了毕生难忘的困牛山战斗:那天,他们听到“黑滩河沟里枪声嚯嚯地响”“首长(团长田海清)被打死,红军战士放声大哭的声音”,看到跳崖的净是些十五六岁的娃娃。
在石阡县困牛山红军壮举展陈中心,保存着当年五十二团司号员陈世荣参加战斗时保留下来的军号,作为困牛山战斗的重要见证,被世人所纪念……
硝烟散尽,丰碑永存。在多方推动下,2022年,“困牛山红军集体跳崖千古壮举”专题研讨会在石阡县召开;近年来,困牛山战斗遗址先后入选长征国家文化公园重点项目、国家级烈士纪念设施和全国爱国主义教育示范基地等。
如今,这片热土在红色历史浸润下,不断焕发新的活力。宽敞的教室、崭新的塑胶跑道、丰富的教学器材……困牛山北边不远处,困牛山红军学校落成于此。该校校长杨勇介绍:“学校围绕开发红色教育课程、培养红色故事‘小红星讲解员’队伍等行动,帮助孩子们了解革命历史,让红色基因融入血脉,代代相传。”
石阡县龙塘镇困牛山村驻村第一书记王文君介绍,近年来,困牛山村将红色资源融入村庄规划建设,兴起红色旅游,发展有土蜂蜜、太秋柿、菜籽油等农特产品,同时开办有7家农家乐、4家民宿。“去年,全村接待游客近4万人次,村集体经济收入达77万元,村民人均可支配收入突破2万元,日子越过越好。”王文君说。
九十余载春秋已过,每当清风拂过困牛山的山岗,仿佛在低语倾诉那段血与火的悲壮。先烈们的纵身一跃,换来山河无恙、烟火寻常。幸福生活,正在这里续写。

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