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Back教学竞赛热度日高,有人收获成长、有人拿到奖杯就辞职,也有教师吐槽“这是以赛促教还是被赛绑架”
教学竞赛热度日高,有人收获成长、有人拿到奖杯就辞职,也有教师吐槽“这是以赛促教还是被赛绑架”
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中国新闻网2 hours agoEducation4 min readChinaView translation

教学竞赛热度日高,有人收获成长、有人拿到奖杯就辞职,也有教师吐槽“这是以赛促教还是被赛绑架”

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第六届全国高校教师教学创新大赛落幕,57万教师参赛,赛课被视为教学硬通货,但引发争议:部分教师因赛事压力辞职,质疑赛课是否真正提升教学水平或仅成为表演与职场负担,专家呼吁建立更科学的教学评价机制,避免非教学负担消耗教师热情。

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Why It Matters

教学竞赛在高校中被视为提升教学水平的重要途径,教创赛和青教赛含金量高,获奖与职称评审、学校荣誉挂钩,吸引大量教师参与。

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教学竞赛热度日高,有人收获成长、有人拿到奖杯就辞职,也有教师吐槽“这是以赛促教还是被赛绑架”

高校教师“赛课”为什么这么卷

第六届全国高校教师教学创新大赛全国现场赛(以下简称“教创赛”)日前落幕,多所高校发布喜报,公布赛事成绩。记者了解到,这项在教育界公认含金量最高的教学赛事开赛6年,全国有57万名教师报名参赛,覆盖面之广可见一斑。和教创赛同样备受重视的,还有全国高校青年教师教学竞赛(以下简称“青教赛”)。这两项赛事的奖项,堪称教师个人乃至学校教学业绩的“硬通货”。

然而,随着“赛课”热度不断攀升,一些教师开始在社交媒体上匿名吐槽“被赛绑架”:赛课正成为职场压力的来源,漫长的比赛周期、反复磨课备赛带来的身心煎熬,以及渴望摘奖的上级压力,让不少教师直言被“透支”,有人表示自己拿到奖杯后就辞职了。

“赛课”的本意是以赛促教,提升高校教师的教学水平。参赛教师的教学真的得到提高了吗?为何众多教师要拼命卷入“赛课”中?记者采访了多所高校教师发现,他们更关心的是,对真正具有教育理想和职业追求的教师来说,如何减轻“赛课”带来的额外负担;除了比赛,是否有更科学的机制考量教书育人实效,而不让“非赛课型”教师寒心?

竞争激烈的“赛课”让教师又爱又恨

在高校圈,教创赛和青教赛是公认含金量最高、学校重视程度也最高的两类教学赛事,其中教创赛的参与门槛相对更高。不少青年教师坦言,参加青教赛几乎是40岁以下青年教师的“必经之路”,并且随着市级、国家级赛事奖项在职称评审中的权重逐年提升,不少科研成果相对薄弱的青年教师,甚至把赛课获奖当作职业发展的“突破口”。

“现在赛课的竞争已经精细到零点几分定胜负了。”一名高校青年教师告诉记者,为了拉开差距,不少参赛者会提前打听评审偏好,甚至私下联络评委争取印象分。

“赛课成绩也早已不是教师个人的事,更绑定了学校乃至所在省市的教学荣誉。”复旦大学教师教学发展中心副主任丁妍透露,一些高校甚至会把这类赛事获奖纳入招生宣传素材,直接和生源质量挂钩。

为冲击更高奖项,从地方教育部门到高校都会投入大量资源为参赛教师“保驾护航”。上海师范大学教育学院教授黄友初被称为青年教师教学竞赛“金牌教练”。他告诉记者,进入市级赛事的教师,学校通常会配套两支专项支撑团队:一支由本学院资深教授组成,负责把控学科内容的专业性;另一支由教育学专家、教学名师组成,负责教学设计和教学行为的打磨,再加上参赛教师自己搭建的小组,往往有数十人同时为一名参赛者提供支持。部分高校甚至会为入围国赛的教师安排一学期停课,从校外聘请顶级专家开展长达半年的脱产式备赛指导。“能闯入市赛、国赛的教师本身都是优中选优,大家的基础能力差距极小,最后比拼的就是细节的打磨。多轮高强度磨课叠加层层传导的成绩压力,确实会给参赛教师带来压力。”黄友初说。

“赛课”究竟是表演还是教学

社交平台上,“赛课”被诟病最多的就是“表演”——台下没有学生,只有评委和观众。不少人质疑,比赛中精心演绎的“完美课堂”真的适配真实学情吗?

多位受访高校教师坦言,比赛场景下的展示确实带有一定表演属性,不同评委的专业背景、个人偏好会对最终打分产生影响,但不能因此全盘否定赛事的价值,更不能用“会演”两个字抹杀全部付出。

黄友初认为,教学比赛存在偶然性因素,不见得投入最多,效果就最好。但备赛过程中投入精力越多,教师对教学的认识也会更深刻、教学技能更丰富。

“一轮轮磨课,的确能够让青年教师快速成长。”华东理工大学资环学院教师彭程既是“赛课”的亲历者更是受益者,曾获青教赛市赛自然科学应用学科组一等奖。她曾在比赛现场被上海交大一名教师的现场说课深深打动。“水平真的很高,当时我就猜测他应该可以获特等奖,果然不负众望。”彭程感慨,一名教师到底有没有在教学上花功夫磨课,同行一听就能知晓。

博士毕业刚进校任教时,彭程也曾对教学感到迷茫,最初授课就是照本宣科,以为讲清知识点就是好课,但学生反响平平。

经历青教赛后,在多轮打磨中她的课程已然重构。如今她的课堂上,师生互动大大增加。“越来越多学生开始主动举手提问、上台讲解自己的思路,甚至在课间争论我在课堂上谈及的某个工程方案的可行性。”

彭程的经历,也是绝大多数非教育学背景青年教师的缩影。

黄友初谈到,很多青年教师刚入职时重心放在科研上,课堂教学是“以教师为中心”的演绎式授课,更多关注自己是否能把知识点讲完,“这不是真正意义上的教学”。在他看来,“赛课”应该是一个促进青年教师成长的途径,可以“推着”教师走出教学舒适区,完成从“会讲课”到“会上好课”的转变。

勿让非教学负担将教师热情消耗殆尽

不过,重奖之下,不少人发现“赛课”开始有点变味了。一些高校遴选参赛教师时,资源和机会向已有优势者集中,“赢者通吃”现象明显,不仅有教师因摘奖评上教授,还有学校向获奖教师支付高额奖金。

“这是否有点过犹不及?”丁妍认为,若评价导向过度聚焦获奖等级,教学竞赛可能会异化为少数教师展示和竞争的舞台。高校更应关注赛事成果能否转化为高等教育教学创新的持久动力。“参赛教师是否真正改善了学生的学习体验和学习成效?是否对同行产生了广泛的示范和带动作用?是否推动了院系乃至学校教学组织的改进与发展?……答好这些问题,才是关键。”

“上好一门课,真的不容易!”上海师范大学商学院教授傅毅感慨,如今不少大学课堂里,“老师和学生各忙各的”,课堂如何吸引学生、如何提升学生的课堂参与度,已成为高校的共性挑战。在他看来,比赛或许能赛出名气和荣誉,但只有真实课堂才能提升老师的教学水平。“要成为优秀的教师,必须在‘家常课’中锻炼自己。”傅毅团队今年也在教创赛中获奖,不过他说,摘奖不是终点,赛事成果最终是要反哺真实课堂。

还有多位专家表示,问题不在比赛本身,而在于教师考评体系——眼下高校对教师职称考评体系“要得太多”,一名青年教师想要晋升又要卡年限、又要有论文,还要有比赛,缺一不可。矛盾在于:高校学科评估中要求包含教学成果考核,最后只能转向“赛课”这类可量化指标。另一名教师直言不讳:要想让教师真正潜心教学,就不能再拿“防小人系统”考核教师。

多位学者建议,高校对年轻教师应严把入口关并且提供成长的宽松土壤,不要让非教学负担将教学热情消耗殆尽,而且高校在评价教学实际时也要引入多元评价机制,尤其要提高教学过程性评价在课程评价中的比例。

来源:文汇报 作者:吴金娇

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 高校将逐步减少教学竞赛在职称评审中的权重,引入更多元的教学评价机制

    Likely · Within months

  • 部分高校将优化赛课备赛支持机制,减少一刀切的资源倾斜,向更广泛教师开放培训资源

    Possible · Within weeks

Open Questions

  • 如何建立更科学的教学评价机制,减少对赛课的过度依赖?
  • 赛课获奖是否真正转化为课堂教学质量的提升?
  • 如何平衡教师的科研压力与教学发展需求?
  • 非赛课型教师在职称评审中如何获得公平待遇?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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