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Back资源循环利用:废旧手机的真实价值与回收现状
资源循环利用:废旧手机的真实价值与回收现状
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中国新闻网3 hours agoEnvironment3 min readChinaView translation

资源循环利用:废旧手机的真实价值与回收现状

Quick Look

文章澄清了网传“一吨废旧手机提炼200克黄金”的误解,指出现代手机黄金含量仅0.02-0.03克,贵金属回收是多金属综合过程的副产品。中国每年产生约4亿部废旧手机,累计存量达40亿部,回收面临资源浪费和环境风险。以旧换新政策推动回收行业升温,青岛等地门店实行标准化流程,质检中心采用AI和X光技术提升检测效率,延长手机寿命可减碳。文章强调政策与技术协同是实现废旧手机循环利用的关键。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

文章介绍了废旧手机回收的现状与挑战,指出网传“一吨废旧手机提炼200克黄金”存在概念偷换,实际黄金含量极低,回收过程为多金属综合利用。中国每年产生约4亿部废旧手机,闲置量大,资源浪费和环境风险突出。以旧换新政策推动回收行业发展,青岛等地建立标准化回收和质检体系。

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资源循环利用,是推动绿色转型的重要抓手。怎样让我们身边一件件普通废弃物,真正形成资源大循环?今天《身边的大循环》系列报道,从废旧手机说起。

一台现代手机黄金含量

仅0.02至0.03克

网上一直流传“一吨废旧手机能提炼200克黄金”,这是真的吗?

先看核心数据。专家表示,网传说法偷换了概念:200克黄金,对应的是一吨经过拆解分选、剔除外壳屏幕电池后的纯手机主板废料,并不是一吨完整废旧手机。完整手机包含外壳、屏幕、电池等部件,整体含金量会大幅缩水。而且2010年之后,智能手机镀金层持续变薄,一台现代手机黄金含量仅0.02—0.03克。

记者直击

1300℃高温下的手机“炼金”真相

正规企业是怎么从废旧手机里回收贵金属的?记者带您去广东贵屿的循环利用生产基地看看。

经过预处理的废旧手机电路板,通过全封闭传送带送入1300℃的熔炼炉。高温下,铜、金、银、钯等高价值金属与铅、汞等有害物质实现分离。这套产线采用三级处理体系,金属综合回收率超过98%,年处理废电路板达1.2万吨。

中国资环电器电子循环利用生产基地负责人 黄文:这是从熔炼炉里冶炼出来的铜锭,含铜90%,里面含金大概100克/吨、银1000克/吨。1吨电路板大概能产出300公斤的铜。

记者在现场看到,炼出的铜锭凝固在金属容器中,黄金只作为微量副产品包含在铜里,并不存在从手机中单独提炼黄金的工艺。所谓“手机炼金”,本质是工业级多金属综合回收,黄金只是其中的副产品之一。

累计超40亿部

废旧手机回收迫在眉睫

提炼贵金属只是废旧手机处理的末端环节,更大的问题:我们到底有多少旧手机被闲置?

中国循环经济协会数据显示,近五年,我国每年产生废旧手机约4亿部,其中约2.5亿部闲置在家,仅有1.5亿部流入市场。叠加历史存量,当前全国废旧手机累计估算约40亿部。

40亿部是什么概念?差不多相当于全国人均接近3部。大量闲置手机,既浪费铜、金、钯等宝贵资源,电池、电路板所含的重金属,还潜藏着环境污染风险。让沉睡的旧手机流转起来,已经迫在眉睫。

以旧换新带火二手手机回收

门店量价齐升

截至8月30日,2026年消费品以旧换新累计带动相关商品销售超1.54万亿元,惠及超2.06亿人次。政策红利加持下,废旧手机回收行业持续升温。

在山东青岛的一家手机回收门店,记者看到,旧手机回收有着标准化流程:工作人员先对外观、通话、联网等基础功能检测估值,确认后当场启动隐私清除程序。不少消费者表示,会全程盯着数据清除,确认无误后才完成交易。

行业数据显示,每完成一单二手手机交易,手机平均使用寿命延长2年以上,可实现约25公斤碳减排,相当于一棵树一年多的固碳量。

AI核验二手手机

记者探访手机质检中心

门店回收只是第一步。这些旧手机随后会被送往质检中心,经过怎样的处理才能再次上市?记者探访了位于青岛黄岛的手机质检中心。

在全自动流水线上,机器人有序作业:一方面对每台手机执行深度数据清除,确保原有数据无法恢复;另一方面完成硬件检测,覆盖屏幕灵敏度、按键、摄像头等关键部件。一旁的X光扫描仪穿透机身,精准检测内部零件是否被维修或更换。在清洁环节,工作人员用高压喷干冰去除污渍,不留残液。

某回收平台手机质检负责人 田野:通过技术升级改造,这条产线处理能力比去年增长了30%,每天可以检测3万多台电子设备。像我身边这台新部署的硬件检测设备,通过人工智能算法,可以发现毫米级的差异点,让消费者买得放心。

如何让40亿部废旧手机循环起来,不仅需要政策引导,也需要技术升级一同发力。这样才能让废旧手机充分释放资源价值,成为资源循环利用的重要一环,为绿色发展注入持久动力。

来源:央视新闻客户端

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 废旧手机正规回收率将在未来两年显著提升

    Likely · Within years

Open Questions

  • 废旧手机回收的全链条成本是否具备经济可行性?
  • 目前正规回收渠道处理的废旧手机占总量的比例是多少?
  • AI和X光技术在手机质检中的误判率和成本效益如何?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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