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Back美軍關鍵飛彈庫存面臨可靠度不足與加速增產雙重挑戰
美軍關鍵飛彈庫存面臨可靠度不足與加速增產雙重挑戰
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自由时报1 hour agoDefense2 min readChinaView translation

美軍關鍵飛彈庫存面臨可靠度不足與加速增產雙重挑戰

Quick Look

美軍AIM-9X響尾蛇Block II飛彈作戰可用率未達標準,空軍僅58%,海軍78%,影響飛行員訓練;同時美軍加速擴充AGM-158 JASSM及LRASM產能,目標2032年年產1880枚,但JASSM維修問題預計2029年才解決,洛馬正在五州擴建超過20座生產設施並推出模組化FLEX版本。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

美軍正面臨關鍵飛彈庫存的雙重壓力:現有AIM-9X飛彈可靠度不足影響訓練與作戰準備,同時為應對未來衝突需求,正加速擴充JASSM及LRASM等遠程精準打擊武器的產能。

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圖為美軍AIM-9X飛彈。(DVIDS)

〔記者吳哲宇/綜合報導〕美軍關鍵飛彈庫存同時面臨「可靠度不足」與「加速增產」兩大挑戰。美國防部最新採購報告顯示,空軍與海軍廣泛使用的AIM-9X「響尾蛇」Block II空對空飛彈,作戰可用率均未達86%標準,其中空軍更只有58%;另一方面,美軍正大幅擴充AGM-158 JASSM距外飛彈產能,目標2032年提高至年產1880枚。

軍聞網站《Air & Space Forces Magazine》報導,美國空軍AIM-9X Block II作戰可用率目前僅58%,海軍為78%,雙雙低於86%的要求。相關問題甚至影響飛行員訓練,導致具備實際尋標器與導引單元的「俘獲式空中訓練飛彈」(CATM)數量不足。

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對此美國空軍與海軍規劃採購超過1.1萬枚AIM-9X Block II,但最新AIM-9X-4構型在整合新型電路處理器時出現可靠度問題,不僅影響飛彈可靠性,更導致測試停止。原本負責整合先進導引控制單元及慣性測量單元的10.4版作戰飛行軟體也因此取消部署。報告指出,真正解決問題的後續軟體最快要到2027年9月才能完成。

與此同時,美軍正快速擴充另一款主力武器AGM-158 JASSM及其反艦衍生型LRASM。截至今年4月,美國防部已接收5348枚各型JASSM,目前年產能約600枚,近期將提高至860枚,2030會計年度達1280枚,2032年再增至1880枚。

LRASM也同步增產,今年3月一筆5200萬美元合約修改案,將使其年產量自2029會計年度起,由240枚增加至320枚。美國空軍2025會計年度更投入2億美元,替JASSM-ER與LRASM建立第二引擎來源,藉此降低供應鏈瓶頸。

不過JASSM同樣出現維修問題。美軍檢查1356枚飛彈後,有49枚被列為需要廠級維修及翻修,多數涉及匿蹤塗層缺陷,相關問題預計到2029年才能完全解決。洛馬已將原本消光灰色塗裝改為半光澤黑色匿蹤塗層,以降低雷達及目視特徵。

面對需求快速增加,洛馬正在美國5州擴建及現代化超過20座生產設施。除了擴產既有JASSM,公司近期也公布模組化AGM-158 FLEX,可更換彈頭前段及發射方式,讓同一飛彈架構因應不同任務,顯示美軍正同步從產能、供應鏈與模組化設計著手擴充長程精準打擊庫存。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • AIM-9X Block II的後續軟體問題將在2027年9月前得到解決,屆時作戰可用率有望達標。

    Possible · Within years

  • JASSM及LRASM的年產能將如規劃所示在2032年達到1880枚與320枚。

    Likely · Within years

  • JASSM的匿蹤塗層維修問題將預計在2029年完全解決。

    Possible · Within years

Open Questions

  • AIM-9X Block II的可靠度問題何時能完全解決?
  • JASSM維修問題導致的匿蹤塗層缺陷是否會影響其他隱形武器?
  • 洛馬在五州擴建生產設施的具體進度與投資總額是多少?
  • 模組化AGM-158 FLEX在什麼時候會進入實戰部署?

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