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Back美期中選舉變天!學者示警:台商AI與半導體赴美恐受地方制約
美期中選舉變天!學者示警:台商AI與半導體赴美恐受地方制約
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自由时报10 minutes agoWorld3 min readChinaView translation

美期中選舉變天!學者示警:台商AI與半導體赴美恐受地方制約

10個州公投管理AI資料中心,德州新州長態度不友善,台商赴美佈局恐受嚴格限制

Quick Look

美國中期選舉後,聯邦國會與多個州政府版圖翻轉,10個州針對AI資料中心公權力管理舉行公投。學者警告,德州新州長對AI產業態度不友善,加上基建老舊與居民反彈,台灣AI與半導體產業赴美佈局恐面臨地方政府嚴格制約;聯邦層面對華高階AI晶片出口管制力道只會增加不會減少。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

美國中期選舉結果揭曉,聯邦國會呈現「朝小野大」變局,多個州政府版圖翻轉,全美有10個州針對公權力管理AI資料中心舉行公投。國策研究院舉辦座談會討論選後局勢與對台影響。

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美國中期選舉結果揭曉,不僅聯邦國會呈現「朝小野大」變局,多個州政府版圖也出現翻轉,且全美有10個州針對公權力管理AI資料中心舉行公投。國策研究院今(5)日舉辦「2026美國期中選後局勢與對台影響」座談會。學者示警,台商重要群聚地德州的新任州長對AI產業態度不甚友善,加上美國基建老舊,居民因水電暴漲與污染對資料中心反彈,未來台灣AI與半導體產業赴美佈局,恐面臨美國地方政府與基層政治的嚴格制約。

國策院董事長兼院長田弘茂致辭指出,此次期中選舉有一項尚未受到高度重視、卻攸關台美高科技合作的議題,就是AI資料中心建立的問題。他統計,此次共有10個州針對是否更積極以公權力管理AI、設定規則舉行公投。他特別點出,德州是繼亞利桑那州後,台灣企業界向美國移動投資、產業群聚下一個最重要的州,如今德州州長由共和黨籍換成對AI產業不甚友善的拉美裔新州長,其過去主張對AI發展有限度管理且審批過程較嚴格,這項轉變對台商、科技業及半導體產業供應的影響值得探討。

中研院政治所特聘研究員兼所長吳重禮也呼應,美國自1930年代新政至1960年代後,幾乎沒有大型電力與水力基礎建設,如今在德州、俄亥俄州、南北卡羅來納州與喬治亞州等地興建大量資料中心,設在一般居民旁邊,導致當地水電價格暴漲並衍生污染,居民「未蒙其利,先受其害」,這正是此次共和黨在德州落敗的重要原因。他提醒,美國採聯邦體制,地方政府在土地使用、建築許可、能源供應跟環境管制上擁有相當大的決定權,未來台灣AI發展若要移往美國,將會受到當地政府與地方政治的制約。

在聯邦層級的經貿與科技政策上,中華經濟研究院經濟法制研究中心主任李淳則直言,民主黨掌控參眾兩院不會使關稅還有科技政策發生逆轉,台美貿易與投資增加、科技合作的高度經濟整合趨勢不變,且對美投資工具可期待從川普的「棍子」轉向更多如晶片法般的「蘿蔔」獎勵鼓勵措施。

不過,李淳也強調,國會參與程度將大幅提升,可能要求審查行政協定,並針對川普濫用的IEEPA(國際緊急經濟權力法)、122條款、232國家安全條款及301條款修法設限。他強調,美方對包含台灣在內的印太貿易糾紛,民主黨可能認為結盟意義遠超過把所有人當敵人;唯獨對中國戰略競爭兩黨高度共識,未來對高階、先進AI晶片的出口管制力道只會增加不會減少,並建立更具制度性的基準。

針對美國國會生態大洗牌,前駐美代表、國策院資深顧問高碩泰表示,面對美國政壇「藍色海嘯」,台灣作為重要利害關係人(stakeholder)必須超前部署。他盤點,目前參議院「台灣連線」30位成員中有8位即將離開,眾議院130位成員中也有近30位將離任;加上近年受疫情、裴洛西訪台及川普對台言論與對北京示好影響,國會邀訪團次數與人數大幅下滑,駐美單位如何鎖定新國會爭取跨黨派支持是刻不容緩的課題。

中研院政治所助研究員傅澤民則分析,此次選舉屬於「回顧性投票」,超過6成選民跨黨派認為關稅傷害經濟,加上8個月的伊朗戰爭推升油價與物價,使選民對川普投下不信任票。吳重禮對此也補充,分立政府下國會將花更多力量在內政監督總統,對外交與軍事的監督反而減弱,川普對中政策不會因此和緩,我國安團隊須審慎以對。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 美國對高階、先進AI晶片的出口管制力道只會增加不會減少

    Very likely · Within months

  • 國會參與程度將大幅提升,可能要求審查行政協定並針對IEEPA、122條款、232國家安全條款及301條款修法設限

    Likely · Within months

  • 台灣AI發展若要移往美國,將會受到當地政府與地方政治的制約

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 德州新州長具體將採取哪些限制AI資料中心的措施?
  • 10個州公投的具體結果與時間表為何?
  • 國會對IEEPA、232條款及301條款的修法具體內容與進度?
  • 台灣駐美單位將如何鎖定新國會成員爭取跨黨派支持?

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