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BackAI資料中心踢到大鐵板 ? 美國德州25%規劃產能添變數 業界掀震盪
AI資料中心踢到大鐵板 ? 美國德州25%規劃產能添變數 業界掀震盪
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自由时报10 minutes agoBusiness3 min readChinaView translation

AI資料中心踢到大鐵板 ? 美國德州25%規劃產能添變數 業界掀震盪

美國中期選舉後,多地選民反對資料中心擴張,數百億美元建設計畫受影響

Quick Look

美國中期選舉後,德州候任州長伊諾霍薩承諾在州議會立法前暫停新建資料中心許可,數百億美元AI建設計畫面臨不確定性。全美多地公投與民調顯示選民普遍反對資料中心擴張,俄亥俄、喬治亞與賓州等重鎮亦由主張嚴管的民主黨人當選,業界擔憂繁榮勢頭放緩。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

德州因能源充足、土地相對便宜及親商政策,成為全球資料中心發展最快地區之一。過去兩年Meta、Google與微軟均在當地宣布興建大型資料中心。高盛與Jefferies估計德州佔全美規劃中資料中心容量約25%至26%。

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外媒報導,在美國中期選舉投票中,選民向人工智慧開發者傳遞訊息。(路透)

〔財經頻道/綜合報導〕數據中心反對者是這次美國中期選舉中民主黨取得壓倒性勝利的最大贏家之一,這表明公眾對人工智慧的態度正在發生轉變;投資者表示,這可能預示著推動美國經濟增長和股市的繁榮勢頭將會放緩。外媒報導,美國德州候任州長承諾停止新建資料中心,此舉在業界引發爭議。

民主黨籍吉娜.伊諾霍薩(Gina Hinojosa)在3日州長選舉中擊敗共和黨現任州長艾伯特(Greg Abbott),承諾在州議會通過保障居民權益、讓地方社區參與開發決策的法律前,全面暫停核發新資料中心許可。由於德州是美國AI資料中心投資重鎮,這項政策恐使數百億美元的建設計畫面臨更多不確定性,全美4分之1規劃產能添變數。

《路透》指出,德州憑藉充足能源、相對便宜的土地及親商政策,成為全球資料中心發展最快的地區之一。過去2年,包括Meta、Google及微軟均宣布在當地興建大型資料中心。高盛估計,德州占全美規劃中資料中心容量約25%;Jefferies則估計約26%。

事實上,德州在選前已開始限制資料中心擴張。艾伯特8月3日暫停新資料中心接入電網,並要求全面審查用電需求、環境影響及開發商稅務優惠,相關審查原預計2026年底完成。然而,伊諾霍薩主張須等州議會完成立法才恢復核准,意味業者可能面臨更漫長且難以預測的等待。

這波反對聲浪並不限於德州。根據Ballotpedia統計,期中選舉41項涉及資料中心的地方公投議案,除一項外,結果均朝反對資料中心的方向發展。NBC與SSRS出口民調顯示,全美約76%選民反對在居住地附近新建資料中心;休士頓大學10月調查則發現,79%的德州可能投票選民支持限制資料中心數量。

報導指出,在美國期中選舉確定出現「藍色浪潮」後,美國資料中心開發商將面臨最壞情境,不僅國會可能加強監管,兩大資料中心重鎮俄亥俄州與德州、以及資料中心興建熱點喬治亞州與賓州的州長,都是由主張嚴管資料中心的民主黨人拿下,成為Meta、亞馬遜及CoreWeave等企業的重大利空。

Cooley律師事務所合夥人Mona Dajani指出,等待技術審查與等待議會通過新法,對開發商是截然不同的風險。已購地、訂購設備並承諾交付日期的業者,仍須負擔融資成本;大型雲端企業較有能力調整投資布局,小型開發商則可能因單一專案延誤而陷入困境。

業界對此反應不一。資料中心聯盟表示,將持續與州及地方政府合作推動建設。Alpha Compute執行長Brittany Kaiser則認為,部分企業可能重新考慮德州及俄亥俄州的投資。她強調,開發商未來必須直接與政府及社區溝通,而不只是遵守法規。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 德州州議會將通過保障居民權益並讓地方社區參與開發決策的法律

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 州議會何時能完成立法並恢復核准
  • 已購地與訂購設備的開發商將如何處理融資成本
  • 其他州是否將跟進德州的暫停政策

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