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Back莫把AI比核弹:中美AI对话与欧盟贸易失衡
莫把AI比核弹:中美AI对话与欧盟贸易失衡
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德国之声1 hour agoTech3 min readChinaView translation

莫把AI比核弹:中美AI对话与欧盟贸易失衡

Quick Look

《法兰克福汇报》评论认为将AI比作核弹荒谬,因AI风险来自企业而非国家领导人;指出中美AI对话需平等合作,否则中国将无限制推动AI研发。《奥古斯堡汇报》称欧盟须应对贸易失衡,否则将为时过晚。

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Why It Matters

文章讨论了中美在人工智能领域的竞争与合作可能性,以及欧盟面临的贸易失衡问题。它引用了《法兰克福汇报》和《奥古斯堡汇报》的评论,分析了AI治理的挑战与核武器管控的根本区别。

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(德国之声中文网)有人将中美人工智能对话同美俄之间的核武谈判相提并论。《法兰克福汇报》评论认为,这种比喻看似合理,实则荒谬。因为管控核武器的历来只有国家领导人,而人工智能的风险却来自大大小小的高科技企业,这恰恰就是人工智能带来的挑战。这篇题为《莫把AI比核弹》的评论写道:

“前不久,人工智能企业Anthropic总裁阿莫代(Dario Amodei)有关中国的论述实在谈不上高明。他先是呼吁美国人工智能企业应当将对中国的领先优势扩大至三到五年。而接下来笔锋一转又写道,要想管控全球人工智能发展速度,就离不开‘同中国的合作’。 阿莫代似乎完全没有考虑过,此番表述会在中国引发怎样的反响。他似乎也没有搞清楚,中国对美国的技术和地缘政治霸主地位已经构成了多么大的挑战。事实上,美国现在并没有限制中国发展人工智能的施压手段。相反,中国却可以借助稀土的垄断地位,阻止美国采取任何过激行动。

如果当今世界的阿莫代、阿尔特曼和马斯克们真的相信人工智能即将威胁人类生存的警告,他们就必须接受在人工智能领域同中国开展平等合作的现实。否则,中国不顾及美国的担忧也是完全可以理解的。而中美两国在地缘政治领域的激烈竞争,将会促使中国不加限制地推动人工智能的研发。至于美国总统特朗普对全球共同管控人工智能风险持怀疑态度,倒也无关紧要。毕竟这位总统的立场说变就变,而且公开表达怀疑态度对日后的谈判也将有所帮助。试想,如果特朗普从一开始就对共同管控表示支持,他也就没有了讨价还价的筹码,而中国方面就会以同意合作为诱饵,要求美国做出各种让步。”

《法兰克福汇报》的评论指出,特朗普此前的表态恐怕只是他的“交易艺术”而已。因为没有特朗普的批准,中美本周开始的人工智能对话也就无从谈起:

“将AI合作同美俄核武协定相提并论,看似合理,实则荒谬。因为管控人工智能风险的最大挑战,并不是地缘政治层面上能否开展合作。对中国党和国家领导人习近平来说,稳定和控制高于一切。他的情报部门刚刚将人工智能定性为政权的威胁。如果能同美国签署协议,减少无所不能的AI对共产党的威胁,那习近平又何乐而不为呢。当然,这种合作必须以平等为前提,因为在习近平看来,技术上落后于美国同样也是对其政权的威胁。

有鉴于此,更大的挑战在于,如何将地缘政治层面达成的协定转化成各自国家的运作机制,从而有效地控制企业研发人工智能的进度。在美国, Anthropic, Open AI, Meta和Alphabet等科技巨头之间存在着激烈的竞争关系,每个公司都希望尽快推出更强模型,争夺客户,并让投资者对未来充满幻想。而管控机制就是为了防范企业为了赢得竞争去铤而走险。美国的资本主义之所以比欧洲更具活力,就是因为美国是以产品问责诉讼的形式来管控企业竞争的,但对人工智能来说,事后问责的模式显然极不适用。

中国的挑战则有所不同,除了阿里巴巴旗下的Qwen之外,其他人工智能企业规模都相对较小。Deepseek、Moonshot AI、Minimax 或Zhipu AI 都是一些初创企业。 例如,Moonshot只有大约三百员工。这类企业通常会以推出更强更新模型来显露头角,而提供优质服务则并非强项。他们能够失去的东西并不多,因此也就更具冒险精神。理论上,虽然中国的企业都处在北京的管控之下,但事实上,中国式资本主义往往比欧洲更野蛮激进,也更不受约束。

DeepSeek创始人梁文锋曾多次表示,他的目标是发展出通用人工智能,即所谓的超级智能。而阿里巴巴首席执行官吴泳铭也是类似的技术乐天派,他希望能够解除人类思考的苦恼。

这也正是人工智能和核弹的根本区别所在。因为,迄今为止,管控核弹风险的,从来都是国家首脑。”

“欧中贸易正在进一步失衡”

《奥古斯堡汇报》评论认为,欧盟是时候就欧洲贸易失衡采取行动了,否则一切将为时过晚:

“作为曾经的世界出口冠军,德国对贸易失衡问题并不陌生。也正因为如此,德国非常担心欧盟反对不公平贸易行为的措施会引发中国的反制。但现在已经没有时间继续等待和观望了。

欧洲人目前所走的道路非常崎岖险恶。毕竟一场贸易战中不会有任何赢家,而俄乌战争以及能源价格上涨已经令欧洲各国不堪重负。但是,如果北京不肯就平衡竞争条件迈出第一步,布鲁塞尔就必须单方面采取行动。

尽快同更多国家签署自由贸易协定,尽快推动统一市场的整合。除此之外,在对待中国不公平竞争优势的问题上,欧洲应以其人之道还治其人之身。欧洲目前所缺乏的,就是团结一致的精神。然而,如果现在还不采取行动,那么一切都将为时过晚,局面也将无法收拾。”

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 如果中美未能在AI领域建立平等合作机制,中国将加大无限制的人工智能研发投入。

    Likely · Within months

  • 欧盟将在未来几个月内对中国采取单方面贸易措施以应对失衡。

    Possible · Within months

Open Questions

  • 中美AI对话将取得什么具体成果?
  • 欧盟将采取哪些具体措施应对贸易失衡?
  • 中国的人工智能企业在监管下能否保持创新活力?

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This article was originally published by 德国之声.

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