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Back中美會談:AI對話與貿易休戰延長,但未見重大突破
中美會談:AI對話與貿易休戰延長,但未見重大突破
Developing
BBC中文1 hour agoPolitics3 min readChinaView translation

中美會談:AI對話與貿易休戰延長,但未見重大突破

Quick Look

中國與美國在習近平與特朗普會談後公佈更多共識內容,同意啟動人工智能對話機制並延長貿易休戰至1月10日,但未發表聯合聲明,亦未見重大突破。雙方在台灣議題、稀土出口及半導體限制等問題上保持分歧,外國金融公司準入仍受中國監管限制。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

中美關係近年緊張,雙方在貿易、科技、台灣等問題上分歧明顯。本次會談為領導人罕見面對面會晤,旨在管控競爭並尋求合作空間。

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中國星期一(9月28日)公佈了更多有關國家主席習近平與唐納德·特朗普(Donald Tump;川普)上星期會談中達成共識的資訊,讓一些具體成果得以曝光。

但雙方沒有發表聯合聲明,也幾乎沒有重大突破。

相反,兩國政府各自發布了這次會晤的說法,這或許顯示儘管有白宮參觀行程以及加強雙邊關係的承諾,華盛頓與北京仍對彼此保持戒心。

以下是我們目前已知,以及仍然未知的四件有關此次會談的事情。

新的人工智能對話與溝通渠道

北京表示,已與華盛頓同意啟動新的人工智能(artificial intelligence, AI;人工智慧)對話機制,並安排於11月底進一步會談。

在兩國競相發展先進人工智能之際,此舉顯示雙方認為有必要為這項日益被應用於商業以至軍事規劃等領域的技術設立某種防護機制。

雙方亦同意建立一條處理人工智能事件的溝通渠道,旨在防止誤解或意外事態發展演變成更廣泛的對抗。

外界一直密切關注此次會談是否會在人工智能相關議題上出現任何進展或協議,尤其是在 Anthropic 等美國公司呼籲放慢發展步伐,以及有消息披露 OpenAI 曾未經授權存取澳洲等國家的政府網站,並曾「干預」多個美國政府機構網站之後。

貿易休戰:包括了甚麼,又遺漏了甚麼

中國官方星期一首次證實,貿易休戰已延長至1月10日。

這項短期延長確保兩位領導人將於今年稍後在主要國際會議期間再次會面。

特朗普將於11月出席在深圳舉行的亞太經濟合作組織(APEC)峰會,而習近平則預定於12月前往邁阿密出席二十國集團(G20)峰會。

世界兩大經濟體領導人如此頻繁會面並不常見。

但北京原本希望休戰安排能夠延長更久,因此這項為期兩個月的延長只能算是溫和成果,而非重大突破。

中國確實爭取到價值300億美元(2013億元人民幣;9541億元新台幣)輸美商品的較低關稅,而北京方面預計也將作出相應幅度的關稅下調。

運往美國商店的中國商品,包括玩具、小型家用電器及聖誕裝飾品等,都將受惠於較低關稅。

特朗普政府亦表示,北京將於2027年及2028年每年至少購買1000萬公噸煤炭。

引人注目的是那些未被納入的內容。

雙方沒有提及增加中國稀土礦物對美出口,也沒有任何跡象顯示對美國先進半導體的限制措施將會放寬。

美國沒有提及台灣,但中國提了

白宮的事實清單並未提及台灣,但這個議題顯然是習近平的優先事項。

根據北京方面對會談的描述,習近平敦促特朗普正式反對台灣獨立,並謹慎處理這一問題。

在雙方5月上一次會晤後,特朗普透露,習近平曾直接問他,一旦中國發動攻擊,美國是否會保衛台灣。

他向記者表示:「只有一個人知道答案,那就是我。」他並提出疑問,美軍是否有必要為此「跋涉9500英里(1.53萬公里)去打一場戰爭」。

這一次,特朗普透露的內容少得多。

他在週末向記者表示:「這個問題我們沒有談太多。」

特朗普說:「目前情況很好,一切都在推進之中。他非常了解我的想法。」

這種沉默或許具有重要意義。

特朗普此前曾形容一項擬議中的140億美元對台軍售方案,是他與北京打交道時「非常好的談判籌碼」。這項軍售方案已擱置數月。

進一步加深外界困惑的是,美國駐華大使龐德偉(David Perdue)向霍士新聞(Fox News)表示,特朗普曾在峰會期間提出向習近平出售武器。

美國國務院其後澄清,美國法律禁止向中國出售武器,且目前並無此類計劃。

北京視這個實行自治的島嶼為中國的一部分。包括美國在內的大多數國家都不承認台灣是一個獨立國家,但華盛頓反對任何以武力奪取台灣的企圖,並承諾向台灣提供武器。

中國可能正在打開投資大門

中國表示,將允許更多外國金融公司,包括有美國背景的銀行、投資公司及保險公司,申請在中國經營業務及設立辦事處。但任何批准仍須遵守中國法律法規。

最後這一句是關鍵。中國正在打開大門,但仍掌控誰可以通過。

外國金融公司長期抱怨,監管障礙、牌照要求以及對出境禁令的憂慮,令它們即使在理論上獲准進入市場的情況下,仍難以擴展在華業務。

北京還表示,正討論增加兩國之間航班數量的方法,但雙方都未說明將如何實現。

此外,儘管中國已向全球超過75個國家的訪客提供免簽證入境待遇,但並未將這項安排擴展至美國人。

與此同時,美國國務院仍把赴華旅行列為第二級旅遊警示,敦促旅客「提高警覺」,原因包括面臨任意執法、出境禁令及拘留的風險。

那麼,我們其實都知道些甚麼?

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 中美將在11月底進行人工智能領域的進一步會談

    Very likely · Within weeks

  • 特朗普將於11月出席在深圳舉行的APEC峰會

    Very likely · Within weeks

  • 習近平將於12月前往邁阿密出席G20峰會

    Very likely · Within weeks

Open Questions

  • 人工智能對話機制的具體運作方式是什麼?
  • 貿易休戰延長後,是否會進一步談判長期協議?
  • 中國是否會允許外國金融公司真正擴展在華業務?
  • 雙方在半導體出口管制上的分歧是否能夠化解?

Related Topics

This article was originally published by BBC中文.

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