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Back瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤治療解析:從標準化療到CAR-T免疫療法
瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤治療解析:從標準化療到CAR-T免疫療法
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自由时报3 hours agoHealth3 min readChinaView translation

瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤治療解析:從標準化療到CAR-T免疫療法

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亞東紀念醫院腫瘤科暨血液科主任余垣斌與成大醫院內科部血液科李欣學醫師解析瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)的治療方針,指出一線化療可使六成患者治癒,復發患者可透過預先收集T細胞及CAR-T細胞免疫治療爭取黃金治療時間,提醒異常淋巴結腫大等症狀應立即就醫檢查。

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Why It Matters

瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)是非何杰金氏淋巴瘤中最常見的高惡性型,約佔所有非何杰金氏淋巴瘤的五成,發病年齡廣泛,但五十至六十歲最常見,早期症狀易被誤認為老化或疲勞。

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◎ 照護線上

亞東紀念醫院腫瘤科暨血液科主任醫師余垣斌與成大醫院內科部血液科李欣學醫師,解析確診瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤的治療方針。(取自貼文)

「許多人意外確診瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)時,都會錯愕不已,甚至想要放棄治療,但事實上,多數患者在接受第一線的化療後,就可以獲得卓越的治療成效!」亞東紀念醫院腫瘤科暨血液科主任余垣斌醫師表示,「診間一名七十多歲的年長患者,確診時瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤已屬第四期,癌細胞侵犯至肝臟。家屬原先態度消極、不想治療,所幸在醫療團隊鼓勵下接受標準化療,結果反應極佳,完成療程後肝腫瘤完全消失,追蹤五年未復發,成功治癒。」

「若第一線、第二線治療反應不佳或是復發的患者也不用過度焦慮,如今也有CAR-T細胞免疫治療可運用,且可以透過事前蒐集T細胞這樣的前瞻性策略,應對瞬息萬變的癌症治療」成大醫院內科部血液科李欣學醫師提及,「其診間有位患者,就是在標準化療一年後不幸復發,但考量其身體狀態尚佳且高機率再次復發。因此,在進入第二線化療之前,提前替患者收集健康的T細胞,並透過冷凍的方式保存。此舉如同幫患者多買一份保險,第二線化療若仍不幸復發,可更快完成CAR-T細胞免疫治療,掌握黃金治療時間。

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瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤病程猛烈,切勿當成老化、疲勞

非何杰金氏淋巴瘤是對生命威脅極大的血液癌症,其中約五成屬於高惡性度的「瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤」。余垣斌醫師指出,此病發病年齡在五十至六十歲最常見,但從二十到九十歲都有可能罹病。異常增生的淋巴細胞會削弱免疫系統,初期最常被發現的症狀為頸部、腹股溝或腋下的淋巴結異常腫大。

瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤患者可能出現「燒、腫、癢、汗、咳、瘦」等非特異性症狀,極易與老化疲勞混淆,民眾不應自行對號入座。余垣斌醫師提醒,最正確的觀念是:只要發現身上有異常腫大的淋巴結或其他「持續」未癒的不尋常症狀,就應立刻就醫檢查。

瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤患者可能出現「燒、腫、癢、汗、咳、瘦」等非特異性症狀。只要發現身上有異常腫大的淋巴結或其他「持續」未癒的不尋常症狀,就應立刻就醫檢查。(取自貼文)

及早治療,幫助提升治癒率!

瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤的第一線治療,目前的標準療程為「R-CHOP」,結合抗CD20單株抗體標靶藥物與四種化療藥物。余垣斌醫師解釋,早期患者需三至四次療程並搭配放療,晚期患者則通常打滿六次。

瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤對藥物反應優異,平均高達六成患者可達治癒。面對高治癒率,千萬不可諱疾忌醫或尋求偏方企圖「把身體養好再來」。身體虛弱正是癌症作怪,延誤正規治療等器官受損才回頭,反而錯失黃金期,大幅降低治療勝率。

瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤對藥物反應優異,平均高達6成患者可治癒。(取自貼文)

復發別慌,CAR-T細胞免疫治療接力救援

儘管一線治療成效卓越,仍有約三至四成患者面臨治療反應不佳或復發的困境。李欣學醫師表示,過去針對復發難治患者,二、三線治療需採用高強度化療或幹細胞移植,這對年長或有多重共病症的患者負擔較重。所幸近年醫療科技進步,CAR-T細胞免疫治療及雙特異性抗體等新武器相繼問世。目前台灣已有健保給付的CAR-T細胞免疫治療,針對兩線治療失敗或移植後復發的患者,甚至無法承受高強度化療者,提供了全新的治癒契機。

面對可能到來的復發挑戰,提前佈局是提升預後的關鍵。李欣學醫師解釋,化學藥物治療及腫瘤細胞的壓迫,都會對體內免疫系統造成壓力,隨著治療線數增加,T細胞的數量與活性也會隨之下降。因此,若醫師評估患者二線治療後再次復發的風險較高,強烈建議在開始二線化療前,趉身體狀況理想且未受過多藥物影響時,預先收集並冷凍健康的T細胞。這不僅能確保免疫細胞品質,未來需要治療時更可大幅節省等待時間。

提早蒐集冷凍T細胞是否會有問題? 醫師詳解常見迷思

針對許多患者對提前收集細胞的擔憂,說明,常見迷思如冷凍會降低活性或不慎收集到癌細胞皆不需多慮。現今凍存技術極度嚴謹,將細胞存放於攝氏零下150度液態氮中長達三十個月,解凍後依然能保持優良活性。此外,淋巴癌細胞進入周邊血液的機率極低,即便有極少量混入,在CAR-T製備過程中也會被活化後的T細胞直接消滅,安全性已獲大量臨床研究證實,患者大可放心。

李欣學醫師解釋,為確保收集細胞的過程順利安全,醫療團隊原則上會安排患者住院。收集T細胞需置放雙腔靜脈導管抽出周邊血液,透過機器分離出單核細胞,其餘紅血球與血小板則隨即輸回體內。過程可能伴隨輕微手腳發麻或抽筋,醫療團隊都會密切觀察。

收集T細胞需置放雙腔靜脈導管抽出周邊血液,透過機器分離出單核細胞,其餘紅血球與血小板則隨即輸回體內。過程可能伴隨輕微手腳發麻或抽筋,醫療團隊都會密切觀察。(取自貼文)

瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤的治療武器相當多元,從一線標靶化療到後線CAR-T細胞免疫治療,健保覆蓋率也逐漸普及。鼓勵病友積極與醫師討論治療策略,主動出擊,幫助達到較佳的預後!

筆記重點整理

● 瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤患者可能出現「燒、腫、癢、汗、咳、瘦」等非特異性症狀,極易與老化疲勞混淆。最正確的觀念是:只要發現身上有異常腫大的淋巴結或其他「持續」未癒的不尋常症狀,就應立刻就醫檢查。

● 瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤對藥物反應優異,平均高達六成患者可達治癒。面對高治癒率,千萬不可諱疾忌醫或尋求偏方企圖「把身體養好再來」。延誤正規治療等器官受損才回頭,反而錯失黃金期,大幅降低治療勝率。

● 針對復發難治患者,二、三線治療需採用高強度化療或幹細胞移植,這對年長或有多重共病症的患者負擔較重。所幸雙特異性抗體及CAR-T細胞免疫治療等新武器相繼問世。目前台灣已有健保給付的CAR-T治療,針對兩線治療失敗或移植後復發的患者,甚至無法承受高強度化療者,提供了全新的治癒契機。

● 若醫師評估患者二線治療後再次復發的風險較高,強烈建議在開始二線化療前,趉身體狀況理想且未受過多藥物影響時,預先收集並冷凍健康的T細胞。這不僅能確保免疫細胞品質,未來需要治療時更可大幅節省等待時間。

本文經授權轉載自【照護線上】確診瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)先別慌!CAR-T細胞免疫治療為患者爭取疾病控制、治癒希望,專科醫師圖文解析

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 未來一年內,台灣將有更多醫療院所提供瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤患者的T細胞預收服務,以縮短CAR-T治療等待時間。

    Likely · Within months

  • 隨著健保給付CAR-T治療的普及,瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤的二線治療成功率將在未來兩年顯著提升。

    Possible · Within years

Open Questions

  • CAR-T細胞免疫治療在台灣的具備給付條件與申請流程是什麼?
  • 預先收集T細胞的最佳時機與評估標準如何界定?
  • 接受CAR-T治療後長期復發率與生活品質影響為何?
  • 醫療院所在推廣T細胞預收時面臨的主要資源與人力限制是什麼?

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