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Back停藥兩年血壓仍正常!抑制醛固酮新藥baxdrostat或成特定高血壓患者「免動刀」新曙光
停藥兩年血壓仍正常!抑制醛固酮新藥baxdrostat或成特定高血壓患者「免動刀」新曙光
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自由时报8 hours agoHealth3 min readChinaView translation

停藥兩年血壓仍正常!抑制醛固酮新藥baxdrostat或成特定高血壓患者「免動刀」新曙光

小型研究顯示,部分原發性醛固酮增多症患者在停藥長達兩年後血壓仍維持正常,有望「治癒」該病症

Quick Look

倫敦大學瑪麗皇后學院主導的研究發現,新藥baxdrostat在治療原發性醛固酮增多症患者後,部分患者停藥長達兩年血壓仍恢復正常,有望「治癒」高血壓。研究結果發表於《新英格蘭醫學期刊》,NICE正在評估該藥物是否納入英國國民保健署提供。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

全球超過10億人罹患高血壓,其中5%至10%由腎上腺小結節或良性腫瘤引起,導致醛固酮過度分泌。目前標準治療為手術切除受影響腎上腺,但未必能完全根治。baxdrostat為醛固酮合成酶抑制劑,今年稍早已在美國獲准用於現有藥物無法控制的高血壓患者。

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數百萬名高血壓患者有望從一款名為baxdrostat的新藥中受惠。這款藥物展現出令醫生震驚的療效:患者在停藥數年後,導致高血壓的常見病因竟然被逆轉了。

「衛報」8日報導,參與研究的患者在服用每日1錠的baxdrostat療程(為期6至12個月)期間,血壓顯著改善。然而,令人意外的是,這些益處在停藥長達2年後依然存在,部分患者甚至不需再服用任何降血壓藥物,這意味著該病症有被「治癒」的潛力。

主持這項研究的倫敦大學瑪麗皇后學院(Queen Mary University of London)高血壓專家布朗(Morris Brown)教授表示:「這結果令人非常振奋」,「將近4分之1的患者完全停止治療,而且血壓恢復完全正常。」

全球有超過10億人罹患高血壓。在5%到10%的病例中,高血壓是由腎上腺上的小結節或良性腫瘤所引起,這會導致腎上腺過度分泌一種名為「醛固酮」(aldosterone)的賀爾蒙。過量的醛固酮會向腎臟發出滯留鹽分的訊號,進而使血壓升高。

目前,針對這種被稱為「原發性醛固酮增多症」(primary aldosteronism)的標準治療方法,是透過手術切除受影響的腎上腺。但由於其他因素也可能導致患者高血壓,因此手術未必能夠完全根治。

Baxdrostat是一種「醛固酮合成酶抑制劑」(ASI),可有效抑制這種會升高血壓的賀爾蒙。該藥物今年稍早已在美國獲准用於現有藥物無法控制的高血壓患者。目前,英國國家健康暨照護卓越研究院(NICE)也正在進行評估,有望於明年透過國民保健署(NHS)提供。

Baxdrostat的潛在治癒效應,是在一項追蹤14名患者的小型研究中曝光。這些患者在為期3個月的試驗中血壓大幅改善,隨後他們繼續服藥6至12個月並停藥。當醫生在2年後進行回診時,發現他們的血壓依然維持在較低水平。這項研究結果已發表於權威的「新英格蘭醫學期刊」(New England Journal of Medicine)。

參與這項工作的哈佛大學醫學教授弗里曼(Mason Freeman)表示,現在斷言部分患者已經痊癒仍言之過早,目前正進行更大規模的試驗來尋求解答;「如果這種效應是普遍且非常持久的,診斷和治療這些患者的方法就可能發生重大變化」,「只要初步懷疑是這種病症,每個人都可以先使用ASI治療;如果反應良好,就能免去侵入性的診斷程序和手術。」

根據20年前的一項老鼠實驗,布朗曾懷疑該藥物具有治癒原發性醛固酮增多症的潛力。當時的實驗顯示,刪除製造醛固酮所需的基因,會導致那些大量分泌該賀爾蒙的細胞流失。

他推測baxdrostat也具有類似作用。當藥物抑制醛固酮時,會引發高活性分子「活性氧類」(reactive oxygen species)激增,這些分子可能會選擇性地破壞過度分泌賀爾蒙的異常細胞。

布朗說:「那些氧自由基(oxygen radicals)正在殺死細胞並使其消失」,「我認為這就是潛在的機制,而且它是可測試的,我們目前正在實驗室中進行相關驗證。」

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 更大規模試驗將驗證baxdrostat的治癒效應,並可能改變原發性醛固酮增多症的診斷與治療方式

    Likely · Within months

  • NICE將在明年完成評估,並可能透過國民保健署提供baxdrostat

    Possible · Within months

Open Questions

  • 更大規模試驗何時完成並公布結果?
  • baxdrostat的治癒效應是否適用於所有原發性醛固酮增多症患者?
  • NICE評估何時結束,該藥物何時能透過NHS提供?
  • 長期停藥後血壓是否會反彈?

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