
蔚来和吉利宣布合并旗下电池充电子公司,蔚来将收购吉利独立业务10%股份。此举是中国汽车行业产能过剩、国内需求下滑背景下的最新整合动向。双方计划到2030年建成1万座换电站,并协调汽车设计标准。
AI-generated summary
中国汽车行业产能严重过剩,工厂产能足以供应全球需求,但国内市场自2017年以来持续萎缩,前八个月销量下降20.8%,迫使车企通过出口和整合寻求出路。
周一,两家中国领先的电动汽车制造商表示,将合并旗下的电池充电子公司,这是中国汽车行业竞争异常激烈背景下行业整合的最新迹象。
此次交易将合并蔚来和浙江吉利控股集团的相关部门,蔚来还将收购吉利另一项独立业务10%的股份。就在两周前,另一家中国汽车制造商广州汽车集团宣布了与大型制造商中国一汽进行复杂结盟的计划。
去年,中国汽车行业的两大巨头东风汽车和长安汽车曾就合并进行谈判,但未能达成协议。
中国汽车行业存在巨大的产能过剩:其拥有的汽车工厂不仅足以生产在中国销售的所有汽车,甚至还能覆盖美国和欧洲的全部产量。但自2017年以来,由于房价暴跌压抑了中国消费者的支出,其国内汽车市场一直在萎缩。
“中国的汽车制造商实在太多了——并购重组将成为未来的趋势,”中国郑州黄河科技学院客座教授张翔说。
今年前八个月,中国汽车销量较2025年同期萎缩了20.8%。汽车制造商试图通过加大汽车出口来弥补这一缺口。中国今年的汽车出口量预计将达到至少1000万辆,远高于2020年的100万辆。
欧盟对欧洲汽车行业的快速衰退感到担忧,一直在考虑是否对中国的汽车出口实施进一步限制。大众汽车在与中国进口汽车的竞争中举步维艰,最近宣布计划再裁员5万名员工。欧洲高级官员定于下周抵达北京,进行贸易谈判。
即便出口激增,中国普通汽车工厂的平均产能利用率仍然仅略高于一半。汽车制造商进而将售价降至造车成本以下,导致汽车制造商普遍亏损,并延迟了向汽车零部件供应商付款。
在周一的交易中,吉利同意将其换电业务并入蔚来规模更大的换电业务中,并支付6.4亿元,以换取合并后业务30%的股份,合并后的业务计划到2030年建成1万座换电站。蔚来还将获得吉利庞大的电动汽车充电站业务10%的股份,该部门预计到明年年底将拥有2.2万个充电站。
此外,两家公司表示将协调各自汽车在换电和充电方面的设计。
全球咨询公司艾睿铂亚洲汽车业务负责人戴加辉(Stephen Dyer)表示,十多年来,许多中国汽车制造商一直在探讨协调换电设计的事宜。
吉利和蔚来在今年上半年共售出了130万辆纯电动或插电式混合动力汽车,两家公司达成的这项协议代表着向电池制造标准化迈进了一步。
“围绕换电标准来设计车辆,对设计的干预程度确实很高,”戴加辉说。
换电是指司机把车停在路边的设施旁,由自动更换舱将耗尽的电池更换为充满电的电池,整个过程需要三四分钟。而即使使用非常快的充电桩,将电池充到80%电量所需的时间也是换电的两倍。但在中国和其他地方,换电的普及程度仍然远不及插电式充电桩,许多汽车分析师也质疑,换电究竟能否迎头赶上。
今年迄今为止,行业领军企业比亚迪在中国的国内零售销量下降了34%,而吉利的销量降幅仅为其一半。因此,吉利今年在中国市场几乎赶上了比亚迪。
广汽集团在9月15日的一份股市文件中披露,计划向中国中央政府直接持有的中国一汽配售股份。作为交换,广汽集团将获得一汽集团与丰田长期合资企业的一部分股权。此项交易将使一汽集团成为广汽集团的第二大股东,仅次于广州市人民政府。
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
蔚来与吉利合并后的换电业务将到2030年建成1万座换电站
Likely · Within years
吉利将获得蔚来换电业务30%股份,并支付6.4亿元
Certain · Immediate
欧洲高级官员将下周抵达北京进行贸易谈判
Certain · Within days

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