
俄羅斯總統普廷簽署法令,要求企業自費防禦烏克蘭無人機攻擊,未達標者將面臨國家臨時管理及資產接管風險,引發企業恐慌與爭議,防禦成本高昂且規則模糊,被視為變相新稅與國有化藉口。
AI-generated summary
俄烏戰爭持續,烏克蘭加強對俄羅斯境內能源設施和工業基礎設施的長程無人機攻擊,導致俄羅斯多地倉庫起火、煉油產能下降,俄羅斯政府尋求由企業承擔防禦成本。
俄羅斯總統普廷(Vladimir Putin)正將防禦無人機攻擊的重擔,轉嫁給民間企業。根據最新命令,若企業未能妥善保護其資產免受烏克蘭無人機襲擊,將面臨被國家實施「臨時管理」進而接管的風險。
英國「金融時報」報導,烏克蘭近期加劇長程無人機攻勢,導致俄羅斯數十個商業倉庫起火,並摧毀高達20%的煉油產能,使這個依賴能源出口的國家,面臨燃料短缺的窘境。為應對此危機,普廷在8月底簽署一項法令,允許對未能防範無人機攻擊的「關鍵基礎設施」,實施國家接管。3天後,俄國政府隨即成立專門委員會監督執行。
前克里姆林宮官員透露,情報機關與軍方高層抱怨企業面對襲擊,「袖手旁觀、不願出力」,普廷因此同意簽署該法令。此舉向企業界明確傳達一項訊息:「必須立刻調整態度,並開始自掏腰包。」無人機防禦專家普拉克辛(Vyacheslav Plaksin)指出,法令頒布後,企業的相關詢問量瞬間暴增5倍,形同強制啟動防禦建置的扳機。
俄烏戰爭爆發以來,俄國企業與政府經常為國防資金「誰該埋單」爭論不休。親克宮的「俄羅斯工業家和企業家聯盟」(RSPP)主席休金(Alexander Shokhin)曾屢次呼籲,國家應協助企業融資。然而,財政部長希魯阿諾夫(Anton Siluanov)態度強硬,直言「企業自己有錢」。直到9月下旬,財政部才鬆口表示正研擬「稅務調整」,認可企業的國防支出,但未透露細節。
這項法令引發企業界的恐慌,擔憂克宮將其作為推動「國有化」的新藉口。自2022年全面入侵烏克蘭以來,俄國政府沒收資產的情況日益普遍,包括近期實質接管歐尚(Auchan)與雀巢(Nestlé)的俄國子公司。儘管普廷強調「從未考慮奪走任何東西」,但企業界仍不買帳。一名前俄羅斯石油公司(Rosneft)主管直言:「這無疑會在某個時刻被用來掠奪資產。」
不過,該名主管也提到,部分與克宮關係密切的企業可能藉此獲利,他們可將受損的煉油廠「暫時」交由國家以公費修繕,待局勢好轉再收回。
目前,針對哪些設施需受保護及具體應採取的措施,俄國政府仍未制定明確規範。電子干擾系統等防禦無人機的設備,往往需要極難取得的國安部門許可。現行的防禦規則多從舊有的反恐法規演變而來,導致企業必須在數十項重疊的要求中摸索。普拉克辛形容:「現在的法規就像拼圖,每家公司都得自己想辦法拼湊。」據悉,僅單一產業就有約2.4萬個關鍵據點,被列入需防護的優先名單,且名單完全保密。
前烏克蘭軍官分析衛星影像指出,越靠近烏克蘭邊境的設施,如軍用機場或發電廠,其防禦越精密,包括反無人機網、鋼筋混凝土掩體,甚至在住宅區附近部署「鎧甲」(Pantsir)防空系統;而烏拉山脈以東的基礎設施,則幾乎毫無防護。
然而,這些防禦措施成本極為高昂。普拉克辛舉例,某工廠需花費2.2億盧布(約新台幣1億元)安裝防護系統,相當於該廠一整天的營收;一名邊境地區商人更已投入逾15億盧布(約新台幣6億元)建置防空設施。普廷本人也曾提及,某石油公司在無人機防禦上耗資「數百億盧布」。
柏林智庫「卡內基俄羅斯歐亞中心」(Carnegie Russia Eurasia Center)研究員普洛柯潘柯(Alexandra Prokopenko)指出,國家沒有多餘的資金同時維持戰爭和建立分層防禦網,而企業求助無門。這項防禦政策,儼然已成為俄國企業必須默默承受的另一種「新稅」。
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
更多俄羅斯企業將申請國家補貼或稅收優惠以抵消無人機防禦成本
Likely · Within months
國家對未達標企業的臨時管理將在未來幾個月內首次實施
Possible · Within months

Patrick Branco Ruivo, director general of the Eiffel Tower since 2018, will step down at year's end following an internal investigation that found operational failures led to the unacceptable removal of women staff during a September 5 visit by the Hindu BAPS spiritual movement, which had requested limited interaction with women.

U.S. officials have warned that Yemen's Houthi armed forces and the Somali extremist group al-Shabaab have increasingly close ties. The two sides have strengthened their ties through arms transactions, armed training and strategic cooperation, threatening global trade and oil transportation security in key maritime corridors in the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden and the western Indian Ocean. Experts point out that despite sectarian differences, the two organizations are developing from a smuggling relationship to a combat partner. Al-Shabaab may acquire medium-range missiles and unmanned boat technology, while the Houthis use this to expand their influence. Israel's recognition of Somaliland's independence and the UAE's control of the port of Bebera further complicates the situation.

An Israeli air strike in Gaza City's Nasr neighbourhood killed Izz al-Din Al-Beik, a Hamas commander linked to the October 7, 2023 attacks. Hamas claims the operation undermines ongoing peace deal negotiations.
The two-day 2026 Nishan World Civilization Forum concluded in Qufu, the birthplace of Confucius. The Chinese and foreign guests attending the meeting discussed the practical significance of Confucianism to global governance, artificial intelligence ethics, and dialogue among civilizations around the theme of "Civilization, Order, and Justice."

Tang Lung-wai, a 55-year-old Hong Kong man, has returned home after spending 26 years imprisoned in the Philippines. Arrested in 2000 for methamphetamine possession and convicted in 2011, he was finally released and arrived at Hong Kong International Airport on Tuesday.

Lu Feng, director of the Confucius Family Documents Research Center of the Confucius Museum, recently accepted an exclusive interview with China News Service to analyze the historical value, image narrative characteristics and digital revitalization of the Ming Dynasty-painted "Confucius' Sacred Relics", and explore its significance as an image bridge for dialogue between Eastern and Western civilizations.