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Back二十国集团贸易部长会议前夕:美国强调产能过剩调查
二十国集团贸易部长会议前夕:美国强调产能过剩调查
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德国之声1 hour agoPolitics3 min readChinaView translation

二十国集团贸易部长会议前夕:美国强调产能过剩调查

美国贸易代表格里尔在密尔沃基圆桌会议上表示,将审视工业产能过剩问题,并考虑贸易协定约束。

Quick Look

在二十国集团贸易部长会议召开前夕,美国贸易代表格里尔在密尔沃基举行圆桌会议,强调美国正调查包括中国、欧盟、日本及韩国在内的工业产能过剩问题,并表示将考虑现有贸易协定及关税上限。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

特朗普政府正通过“301调查”审查全球工业产能过剩问题,并以此作为潜在关税政策的依据。此前G20财长会议未能就产能过剩问题达成联合公报。

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在二十国集团贸易部长会议召开前夕,美国贸易代表格里尔(Jamieson Greer)周二(9月29日)召集了圆桌会议,为华盛顿的贸易政策背书,他称政府“并不反贸易”。他对记者表示,各国都面临全球产能过剩和“非市场政策”的挑战。

他说,不愿预判还在进行当中的“301调查”。这项调查主要针对中国及其他主要贸易伙伴的产能过剩问题。

格里尔表示,在工业产能过剩问题进行调查后,再决定是否征收新的关税。在此,特朗普政府把与各国商定的关税上限纳入考量。

来自中国、印度、俄罗斯、日本、德国和法国等二十国集团主要经济体的高层贸易官员已抵达美国中西部城市密尔沃基(Milwaukee)。

法新社援引分析人士指出,计划两天的会议可能陷入僵局,因为特朗普的关税政策均给所有双边关系带来压力。同时,中国驳斥各方对其出口的批评,而批评者认为中国出口是由工业产能过剩造成的。9月初在北卡罗来纳州举行的G20财长和央行行长会议上,除中国以外的所有G20成员国,均同意针对产能过剩、廉价出口政策采取行动。该会议最后未能发表联合公报,仅发布了主席声明。

在与企业高管及贸易部长举行圆桌会议后,格里尔针对欧盟日韩的担忧表示,“我不想在报告发布和拟议行动出台之前进行评论,但我可以肯定地说,我们重视这些贸易协定,并且在审视报告结果时,会将这些协定纳入考量。”

格里尔还对记者补充道:“我想指出,许多此类协定在实施过程中,实际上在很大程度上缓解了相关国家可能存在的产能过剩所带来的影响。”

特朗普政府计划利用今年担任G20峰会轮值主席国的机会,提请各方对中国产能过剩以及经济增长过度依赖出口问题给予关注。

美国的调查目标已超过中国

欧盟、日本和韩国均属于16个因“产能过剩”受到调查的国家。“产能过剩”通常是对中国的指责,批评人士称,这导致市场泛滥,不公平地压低了价格。但美国正在进行的调查,其目标已超出了中国,欧盟、日韩等二十国集团国家均受到更多关税的威胁。

美国贸易代表办公室指出,欧盟对美国拥有巨额贸易顺差,尤其是德国在化工、机械和汽车领域,爱尔兰在医药领域的顺差巨大,而这些可能被视为产能过剩的证据。

欧盟、日本和韩国此前与特朗普政府达成的贸易协定,将美国进口上述国家商品时,征收关税的上限设定为15%,同时基本取消了针对美国工业品的关税。当被问及美国是否会遵守这些关税协定时,格里尔曾表示,“协议就是协议。”此前,美国最高法院推翻了特朗普依据国家紧急状态法实施的广泛全球关税措施。随后,华府启动对产能过剩的调查。

欧盟负责贸易事务的委员谢夫乔维奇(Maros Sefcovic)周二(9月29日)在圆桌会议上表示,他对特朗普政府关注并致力于解决工业产能过剩的问题表示欢迎。他告知,欧盟正推动在G20框架及世界贸易组织内就产能过剩问题进行改革。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 美国将完成针对工业产能过剩的301调查报告

    Likely · Within weeks

Open Questions

  • 美国最终是否会对欧盟及日韩征收新关税?
  • 301调查的具体结论何时发布?

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This article was originally published by 德国之声.

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