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Back膝關節退化初期非必須手術,醫師分享六種保養方法
膝關節退化初期非必須手術,醫師分享六種保養方法
Health
自由时报1 hour agoHealth2 min readChinaView translation

膝關節退化初期非必須手術,醫師分享六種保養方法

Quick Look

成大醫院骨科醫師戴大為指出,膝關節退化初期可透過控制體重、適度運動、護具保護、關節內注射、物理治療及藥物治療六種方式延緩病程,減少手術需求,即使人工膝關節手術滿意度高,仍主要適用於較嚴重患者。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

膝關節退化是長者常見問題,許多人誤以為必須手術,但醫師指出早期可透過非手術方式管理。

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2026/09/15 07:12

骨科醫師戴大為指出,膝關節退化初期不一定需要手術,退化初期可從控制體重與適度運動等方式保養;圖為情境照。(圖取自freepik)

〔健康頻道/綜合報導〕長者一旦有膝關節退化,不代表只能靠手術解決!成大醫院骨科部暨關節重建中心醫師戴大為指出,即使微創人工膝關節手術逐漸普及,手術仍主要適用於較嚴重的退化性膝關節炎患者。退化初期可從控制體重、適度運動、護具保護、關節內注射、物理治療及藥物治療等6招著手,減緩疼痛並延緩病程惡化。

長者膝蓋痛就要開刀?戴大為於網站「骨科魂」發文分享,即使人工膝關節手術滿意度高達95-99%,它依然只適合較嚴重的退化性膝關節炎患者。在那之前,有很多方法可以延緩惡化,先試試這6招,多數人可能不需要走到手術這一步:

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●控制體重

根據最新研究,膝關節退化的患者減重15磅(約7公斤)就可以減少一半以上的膝關節疼痛。美國骨科醫學會的「退化性膝關節炎治療指引」明確建議身體質量指數(BMI)大於25的患者應立即減重。換言之,控制體重絕對是延緩膝關節退化的最重要絕招。

就算最後需要接受人工膝關節置換手術,瘦一點也絕對是好事,手術比較容易進行,併發症較少,手術後恢復的速度也明顯較快。

●適度運動

強壯的肌肉能幫助分擔關節壓力。膝關節退化的患者必須依照自身的體能條件還有疼痛的狀況來選擇運動的項目,以不加劇疼痛為原則。走路散步、騎單車、游泳、太極拳、有氧體操等較緩和的運動較適合年長者。

●護具保護

在膝關節不適時應以休息為主,若一定要活動,可以考慮配戴適合的護膝。每個人適合的種類型號不盡相同,建議到醫療器材行親自試戴會比較準確。

護膝使用久了就會彈性疲乏,一至兩年就需更換,若需長時間使用則建議使用魔鬼氈型的護膝,可以調整鬆緊。前方有開口的護膝則可以減少髕骨(膝蓋骨)與大腿骨之間的壓力,減少軟骨磨損。

●關節內注射

急性發作時類固醇注射效果優良,副作用極少。玻尿酸有人覺得有用,但舊車不會因為加了潤滑油就變新車。

●物理治療

不是只有熱敷電療,真正有效的是熱敷放鬆肌肉、電刺激強化股四頭肌,讓膝關節更穩定。

●藥物治療

坊間可以買到的止痛藥物像是「普拿疼」,或是其他消炎止痛藥可以緩解疼痛,但不建議長期使用。若需長期使用藥物來控制疼痛,應洽詢專業的骨科醫師。目前已有副作用較少的藥物可以控制疼痛,大幅減少胃潰瘍、腎衰竭等併發症產生。

Open Questions

  • 這六種方法中,哪種對不同程度退化的效果最佳?
  • 長期使用護具或藥物的具體副作用有哪些?

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This article was originally published by 自由时报.

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