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Back中国出入境新规生效:扩大执法裁量引发担忧
中国出入境新规生效:扩大执法裁量引发担忧
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德国之声1 hour agoPolitics4 min readChinaView translation

中国出入境新规生效:扩大执法裁量引发担忧

中国出入境新规于周二生效,台陆委会警告台商及科技人才面临高风险,分析人士指出新规裁量权宽泛。

Quick Look

中国出入境新规于9月15日正式生效,官方称旨在打击跨境赌博与电信诈骗等违法活动。然而,新规因执法裁量权宽泛引发争议,台湾陆委会警告在陆台商与科技人才面临被限制出境的高风险,分析人士亦担忧其适用范围存在任意性。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

中国出入境新规于7月公布,官方称旨在打击跨境赌博和电信诈骗,于9月15日正式生效。

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(德国之声中文网)周二(9月15日),中国出入境新规生效。该新规于7月公布,随即引起不少争议,以至于官方的中国互联网联合辟谣平台9月10日发布辟谣,称一些西方媒体对中国走向闭关锁国感到担忧,这是对规定的误读。

按照这则官方辟谣的说法,出台《规定》,针对的是“实践中出现了上当受骗出境或者虚构事由非法出境从事跨境赌博、电信网络诈骗等违法活动,严重危害人民群众生命和财产安全,或者违规出境后向境外非法转移技术,危害国家产业安全、技术安全等问题。”

按照官方辟谣,普通民众旅游、探亲、经商、留学等正常出境活动不受影响。

台陆委会:台商、科技人才“高风险”

不过,台湾陆委会副主委沈有忠9月14日警告中共该新规扩大执法裁量,恐致台商与科技人才陷入“被限制出境”的高风险。

沈有忠表示,因中共法制将台湾人民视为中国公民,不排除以此限制台湾民众出入中国大陆。

他指出,出入境新规第三条规定,移民管理机构、签证机关在核实出境入境人员的身份、申请事由时,可以询问相关情况,要求出示有关文件、资料、电子数据等信息,人员必须配合;第4条规定,违反出口管制、技术进出口管理等规定,可能危害产业、技术安全的可不准出境;第6条更规定若影响国家安全或侦查等情形,可不告知当事人不准出境的事实、理由、依据和救济途径。

沈有忠强调,这些规定强化中共对出入境人员的资讯监控与行政裁量权,无形中赋予边境第一线执法人员极大的执法弹性与任意解释空间。尤其增订“出口管制”与“技术进出口管理”等限制出境条款下,在陆台商、科技业与半导体等从业人员皆为高风险族群,恐在不知情下遭单方面认定“可能危害国家利益”而被拦阻无法返台,这将带来资讯安全、商业安全、甚至人身安全的不确定性。

沈有忠还表示,因应中共后续高层换届与对内维稳需求,其必将持续透过法制手段收拢权力,“出入境新规”仅是其中一环。公安部《公安机关网路空间安全监督检查规定》等资通讯监管法规亦将实施,公安可查阅探测个人装置,需多加留意。

敏辛的案例

分析人士也指出,新规给出了“宽泛的裁量权”。

新加坡国立大学庄嘉颖向法新社表示,安全和犯罪活动“可被模糊定义”。“外界可能要在新规落实后的具体实例中才了解究竟如何运作。”

庄嘉颖举例说一些外国公民被禁止出境,包括美国公民敏辛(Min Zin)新近的例子。

美国政府表示,这位缅甸问题专家于6月3日在云南被中国错误关押。

庄嘉颖表示:“敏辛的案例提醒我们,被限制出境的人员范围可能相当广泛,并存在潜在的任意性。”

根据新规,外国人在境外申请办理中国签证或者在口岸申请入境时提供虚假材料、作出虚假陈述的,移民管理机构、签证机关可以决定1年至5年以内不准其入境。

路透社报道,接触机密信息的中国政府高官、企业高管的个人出境受到限制,已有很长时间。2023年,路透社也曾报道中国公务员、国企雇员出境的限制收紧。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 公安机关网络空间安全监督检查规定等法规将陆续实施

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 新规在实际执行中的边界如何界定?
  • 未来是否有更多外国公民或台商受影响?

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This article was originally published by 德国之声.

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