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BackヒトのiPS細胞をマウス脳に移植し機能回復を確認 スタンフォード大チームが発表
ヒトのiPS細胞をマウス脳に移植し機能回復を確認 スタンフォード大チームが発表
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時事通信1 hour agoScience2 min readJapanView translation

ヒトのiPS細胞をマウス脳に移植し機能回復を確認 スタンフォード大チームが発表

Quick Look

スタンフォード大学の研究チームは、ヒトの人工多能性幹細胞(iPS細胞)を神経細胞に変換し、大脳新皮質や海馬が発達しないマウス新生児の脳に移植したところ、一緒に成長して機能することを確認したと発表した。これにより遺伝性・神経変性疾患のメカニズム解明や治療法開発への応用が期待される。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

ヒトのiPS細胞やES細胞からは、脳や心臓などのミニサイズの疑似臓器(オルガノイド)を作ることができるが、血管を形成できず、酸素・栄養供給や他組織との連携機能の研究に限界がある。

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ヒトの人工多能性幹細胞(iPS細胞)を脳神経細胞の集団に変え、遺伝子操作で大脳新皮質や記憶を担う海馬をできなくしたマウス新生児の大脳に移植したところ、一緒に成長して機能するようになったと、米スタンフォード大の研究チームが16日付の英科学誌ネイチャー電子版に発表した。

ヒトの脳をマウスで再現したわけではないが、脳の遺伝性疾患や神経変性疾患のメカニズムを解明し、予防・治療法を開発するのに役立つという。

ヒトのiPS細胞や胚性幹細胞(ES細胞)からは、実験容器内でミニサイズの脳や心臓、肝臓、腸などの疑似的臓器をつくることができ、「オルガノイド」と総称される。難病解明や新薬候補の試験に利用されるが、血管を形成できないため、血液による酸素や栄養の供給が困難な上、他の組織と連携する機能を調べられない短所がある。

研究チームは2022年、ヒトの脳オルガノイドをラット新生児の大脳に移植する実験を行ったと発表。ある程度は一緒に成長して機能したが、ラット側の脳の成長スピードがヒト側より速いため、利用価値が限られる結果となった。このため、ヒトの脳オルガノイドが成長するスペースを確保する目的で、大脳新皮質などがほとんどできないマウス新生児を生み出して移植した。

こうした実験には、ヒトの脳を持つ動物が誕生するのではないかという懸念がある。研究チームはヒトに近い霊長類を使う実験などを行う際には、研究者と生命倫理学者、難病患者代表、規制当局による議論が必要との考えを示している。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • ヒトの脳オルガノイドを用いた動物実験において、倫理委員会と規制当局による事前審議が義務付けられる方向で検討が進む

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • この技術をヒトへの応用する際の安全性はどのように確保されるか
  • 長期的な機能維持と統合のメカニズムは何か
  • 霊長類を用いた次の実験段階での倫理的ガイドラインはどのように定められるか

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