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Back川普政府擴大委內瑞拉能源影響力:中國直輸歸零,美國成最大買家並取得油田
川普政府擴大委內瑞拉能源影響力:中國直輸歸零,美國成最大買家並取得油田
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自由时报31 minutes agoBusiness2 min readChinaView translation

川普政府擴大委內瑞拉能源影響力:中國直輸歸零,美國成最大買家並取得油田

馬杜羅遭拘捕後委內瑞拉原油出口版圖大洗牌,中國進口量歸零,美國躍升為最大買家並掌握上游開採權。

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馬杜羅遭拘捕後委內瑞拉原油出口版圖洗牌,中國直接進口量歸零,美國躍升最大買家並透過協議取得油田開採權,川普政府在委國能源影響力顯著攀升。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

馬杜羅於今年1月遭美軍拘捕,隨後委內瑞拉原油出口對象與油田經營權出現重大轉變。

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川普政府對委內瑞拉能源的影響力攀升。圖為委內瑞拉國營石油公司(PDVSA)油田。(路透檔案照)

馬杜羅今年1月遭美軍拘捕後,委內瑞拉原油出口版圖也跟著大洗牌。中國原本是委國最大石油買家,如今直接輸中的原油已歸零;另一頭,美國今年8月每天取得約52萬桶,占委國出口近半。從中國退、美國進的石油流向來看,川普政府在委內瑞拉能源影響力之爭取得上風。

馬杜羅遭捕前,中國在委國石油出口占有壓倒性地位。Kpler統計,2025年9月至11月,委內瑞拉輸往中國的原油平均達每日68.8萬桶;當時委國近期原油出口約每日76.5萬桶,近75%流向中國。到了去年12月,在美國加強海上施壓後,輸中流量驟降至零。

馬杜羅倒台後,石油流向進一步改變。S&P Global數據顯示,今年5月中國已連續第5個月沒有接收委國原油;相較之下,美國當月接收1710萬桶、印度1350萬桶,委國5月總出口3530萬桶,美國拿下約48%。

這個趨勢之後並未逆轉。彭博引述Kpler與船舶追蹤資料顯示,6月委內瑞拉原油出口衝上每日117萬桶,美國煉油商每天接收68.7萬桶,7月中國仍未恢復採購,美國與印度繼續成為委油主要買家。

到了8月,S&P Global Commodities at Sea最新數據顯示,委內瑞拉原油出口約每日110萬桶,其中約52萬桶流向美國,相當於約47%;中國則沒有接收委油。相較2025年12月美國每天僅接收12.3萬桶,8月規模呈現大暴增。

美國不只成為委油主要買家,更進一步卡位上游油田。美委最新協議中,受到美方支持的北美藍色能源夥伴公司(NABEP)取得17座油田開採權,涉及約650億桶已探明儲量,其中部分原由中俄企業經營;美國政府並持有NABEP 35%股權及部分產量優先取得權。從中國直接進口委油歸零,到美國進一步掌握油田利益,川普政府對委內瑞拉石油產業的影響力明顯擴大。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 美國將持續佔據委內瑞拉原油最大出口市場地位

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 中俄企業在委內瑞拉原油項目的後續損失如何處理?
  • 美國對委內瑞拉油田的長期掌控是否會遭遇地方阻力?

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