
北海道大学の研究チームは、水星が約46億年前の誕生以降、内部の冷却に伴い半径が10キロ以上縮小していたことを新たな解析手法で突き止めた。隕石衝突による地形の隠蔽を考慮し、正確な収縮量を推定した。
AI-generated summary
水星は誕生以来、内部の冷却に伴い地表が収縮し、しわのような地形が形成されていることが知られている。従来の推定手法では、地形の隠蔽により収縮率が過小評価される可能性が指摘されていた。
水星は約46億年前に誕生して以降、内部が冷えるのに伴って半径が10キロ以上縮んでいたことを、北海道大の研究チームが新たな解析手法で突き止めた。論文は10日、米科学誌ジオフィジカル・リサーチ・レターズに掲載された。
現在の水星の半径は約2440キロ。米探査機メッセンジャーなどによる観測で、地表には収縮に伴って生じた「しわ」のような地形が多数存在していることが分かっている。
これまで、こうした地形の長さなどから収縮率の推定が試みられてきたが、分布に偏りがあるため、過小評価されている可能性があった。
北大の西山学博士研究員は、「しわ」ができた後に、隕石(いんせき)衝突によるクレーター生成や溶岩噴出などで覆い隠された可能性に着目。隕石衝突などで生じる水星表面の凹凸の程度(ラフネス)を数値化し、収縮地形の分布と比較した。
その結果、クレーター付近などラフネスが高いところでは収縮地形が少ない傾向が判明。これを考慮に入れて補正すると、半径は12キロ近く縮んでいたことが分かった。

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