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Back立陶宛总理辛克维丘斯:北约东翼的安全挑战与社会民主主义的平衡
立陶宛总理辛克维丘斯:北约东翼的安全挑战与社会民主主义的平衡
Politics
德国之声1 hour agoPolitics4 min readChinaView translation

立陶宛总理辛克维丘斯:北约东翼的安全挑战与社会民主主义的平衡

立陶宛新任总理明道加斯·辛克维丘斯在接受德国之声专访时,探讨了国防优先事项、对乌援助以及在安全威胁下维护社会政策的必要性。

Quick Look

立陶宛总理辛克维丘斯强调,面对俄罗斯威胁,立陶宛需强化自身威慑能力并视其领空为北约共同防线。他主张在加大国防投入的同时,不应放弃社会民主主义原则,并承诺继续支持乌克兰。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

自2022年俄罗斯入侵乌克兰以来,立陶宛作为北约东翼国家,面临边境安全及无人机入侵等挑战。立陶宛社民党政府正试图在国防开支与社会福利政策之间寻求平衡。

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(德国之声中文网)立陶宛位于北约东翼,与白俄罗斯和俄罗斯的加里宁格勒州接壤。自2022年初俄罗斯对乌克兰发动全面入侵以来,安全已成为该国核心政治议题之一。

42岁的明道加斯·辛克维丘斯(Mindaugas Sinkevicius)最近出任总理,同时领导着立陶宛社会民主党——一个温和的中左翼政治力量。他在接受德国之声独家专访时表示,他对民粹主义和极右翼政党在欧洲、尤其是在西欧日益壮大感到担忧。但他同时认为,实际情况要复杂得多,并列举了若干欧洲国家由社民党执政,以及其他地方中左翼重新获得支持的迹象。

立陶宛的天空也是北约的天空

对立陶宛而言,乌克兰战争与本国安全紧密相连。该国已多次遭遇来自白俄罗斯方向的无人机、被当作工具的移民/难民潮,以及气象气球进入其领土等事件。辛克维丘斯说,这些情况加剧了整个欧洲的不安全感。

他说,作为政治人物,必须对社会讲真话。他把防空列为立陶宛最紧迫的安全优先事项。

他说,立陶宛的领空就是北约的共同领空,立陶宛的天空也是北约的天空;如果立陶宛的天空是安全的,那么北约的天空在很大程度上也就得到了保护。

无人机对立陶宛的威胁超越国界

辛克维丘斯表示,立陶宛正寻求盟友给予更多声援,并指出所受威胁已经超出本国边界——一系列无人机事件也影响到了其他欧洲国家。

他强调,加入北约并不意味着立陶宛可以一味依靠盟友。他认为,集体防御只有在各成员国自身做好准备、能够作出贡献的情况下才能奏效。

他在提到北约条约时说,当然有第五条,当然有集体防御;但与此同时,有些事情必须自己去做,而不能完全依赖伙伴、邻国和联盟。

对立陶宛来说,这意味着在继续依托北约和地区伙伴关系的同时,强化自身的威慑能力。他还提到,“北欧—波罗的海八国”(NB8)是北欧五国与波罗的海三国之间开展合作的重要框架。

国家安全在国内议程中的地位上升

辛克维丘斯不认同欧洲国家必须在传统军事装备与无人机等新技术之间二选一的说法。

他说,有时人们会把这些问题对立起来——无人机还是坦克?而他的看法是,两者都需要。

但在这位立陶宛总理看来,军事装备的作用是有限的。他说,如果社会缺乏安全感,如果人们感受不到与国家的联结,那么无人机和坦克都保护不了我们。

在他看来,这种联结既关乎防务,也关乎社会政策。他主张,国家同样必须扶助失业者、病患以及其他处境脆弱的人。

这一主张反映出辛克维丘斯作为立陶宛社民党领袖所面临的更广泛难题。社民党人传统上更关注社会政策、教育和医疗,而非国防。俄罗斯对乌克兰的战争改变了政治环境,迫使欧洲的中左翼政府把国家安全置于议程中更高的位置。

辛克维丘斯说,难题在于如何在提升防务能力的同时,不放弃社会民主主义的原则。

“我们将继续支持乌克兰”

辛克维丘斯近期访问了乌克兰的基辅和卢茨克,会见了乌克兰政治领导人。立陶宛已承诺每年将至少0.25%的国内生产总值用于支援乌克兰。按乌方援引的数据,立陶宛近年的支援规模约占其国内生产总值的0.3%。

这位总理承认,欧洲确实存在某种程度的“战争疲劳”。但他说,欧洲社会应当想一想乌克兰人所经历的一切有多么沉重。

他说,他有时会问自己:如果连我们欧洲人都觉得疲惫,那么乌克兰社会又会是什么感受?

辛克维丘斯还指出,西欧国家、尤其是德国,在维持对乌克兰的支持方面发挥着关键作用。

他说,支持和援助必须继续下去。他表示,如果西线松懈、动摇,那么在俄罗斯与乌克兰交战的东线,失败的风险就会上升。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 立陶宛将维持至少0.25%的国内生产总值用于支援乌克兰。

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 立陶宛如何具体平衡国防预算与社会福利支出?
  • 北约盟友对立陶宛提出的防空需求有何具体回应?

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This article was originally published by 德国之声.

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