
世界心脏日之际,文章介绍了冠心病、心律失常、心脏结构疾病和心力衰竭四类常见心脏疾病,分析了可控风险(如三高、吸烟、肥胖等)和不可控风险(年龄、性别、家族史),并提供了突发心脏不适的急救措施及日常护心四要点:健康饮食、经常活动、避免烟草、检查并控制心血管风险。
AI-generated summary
世界心脏日是提高公众对心脏健康认识的重要时刻。心脏作为人体最勤勉的器官,每天跳动约10万次,但容易受到不良生活习惯的影响。
今天(9月29日)是世界心脏日,心脏作为人体最“勤勉”的器官,每天跳动约10万次,为全身输送血液与氧气,但它也容易被不良生活习惯“拖累”。
常见心脏疾病分哪几类?
心脏疾病并非“单一病症”,而是涵盖心脏结构、血管、节律等多方面的疾病统称,常见类型主要有以下4类:
冠心病(冠状动脉疾病):最常见的心脏疾病,因冠状动脉粥样硬化,导致血管狭窄或堵塞,心脏供血不足。
心律失常:心脏跳动的频率或节律异常,分为“心跳过快”“心跳过慢”和“心跳不规则”。
心脏结构疾病:包括先天性心脏病和后天性心脏病。这类疾病会导致心脏瓣膜损伤、心室扩大等问题,影响心脏的“泵血功能”,长期可能引发心力衰竭。
心力衰竭(心衰):各类心脏疾病的“终末阶段”,因心脏收缩或舒张功能下降,无法满足身体供血需求。
警惕!
这些因素正在“伤害”你的心脏
无论是哪种心脏疾病,其发生都与“可控风险”和“不可控风险”密切相关,其中可控风险占比超70%,是预防的关键:
可控风险
高血压、高血糖、高血脂(“三高”)会直接损伤血管和心脏;
吸烟会破坏血管内皮,增加血栓风险;
过量饮酒会加重心脏负荷,诱发心律失常;
肥胖、缺乏运动则会让心脏长期处于“超负荷工作”状态;
长期焦虑、熬夜会导致血压骤升,加速心脏病变。
不可控风险
年龄(50岁以上人群风险显著升高);
性别(男性发病率高于女性,女性绝经后风险上升);
家族遗传史(直系亲属患心血管疾病,本人风险增加2—3倍)。
突发心脏不适怎么办?
立即拨打急救电话
心脏突发不适,请第一时间拨打120!
不要让患者自行前往医院,一旦途中病情加重或发生猝死,则无法及时应对。
所在地的专业急救人员能现场评估、初步处理、稳定病情,并通过绿色通道直接送往有能力救治的医院,远比自驾就医更安全、更快速。
安抚患者,保持静止
让患者立即停止一切活动,以最舒适的姿势(通常是半卧位)安静休息,减少任何不必要的搬动。
如有医嘱药物,立即使用
如果患者既往确诊心绞痛,且医生开过硝酸甘油处方,在血压不低的情况下,可立即舌下含服1片(0.5mg)。5分钟后若疼痛未缓解,可再含服1片,最多不超过3片。
⚠️若含服后出现头晕、血压下降明显,应立即停用。
此外,请准备好患者的关键医疗信息,密切观察患者情况。如果出现意识丧失、呼吸停止,立即进行心肺复苏。并与120保持沟通畅通,随时报告病情变化。
护心不难
做好这四件事
医务人员建议,从4个方面着手,可有效保护心脏。
健康饮食:在日常饮食中,应确保摄入充足的水果和蔬菜,多选择未加工的谷物、瘦肉、鱼和豆类,同时一定要限制盐、糖和脂肪的摄入。饮酒也要适量,越少越好。
经常活动身体:每天有规律地进行至少30分钟身体活动,有助于保持心血管健康。
避免使用烟草:一旦停止使用烟草制品,心脏病发作和中风的风险就会立即开始下降,并且在一年后下降至原风险的一半。
检查并控制心血管疾病总体风险:要主动了解自己的血压、血脂以及血糖水平,出现问题及时干预。
小编提醒,护心无小事,控好“三高”、戒烟限酒、规律运动、健康饮食,一个都不能少。突发胸痛胸闷,立即拨打120,及时就医。

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