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Back陪伴服务能否应对养老新考验
陪伴服务能否应对养老新考验
Health
中国新闻网3 hours agoHealth5 min readChinaView translation

陪伴服务能否应对养老新考验

个人与机构探索上门陪伴新业态,面临规范与付费意愿双重挑战

Quick Look

随着老年人口超3.2亿,独居老人情感缺口凸显,“共享儿女”等上门陪伴服务应运而生。个人接单与机构运营两种模式并存,服务涵盖探望、陪诊、代购等,价格每小时30至100元。行业面临标准化难、付费意愿低、法律责任不明确等挑战,专家建议建立持证上岗机制并探索政府购买服务或长期护理保险试点。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

截至2025年末,全国60周岁及以上老年人口已超3.2亿人,2021年老年人中独居的占14.2%。现有养老服务多聚焦助餐、助浴、助医等刚性生活照料,精神慰藉服务供给不足。2025年《养老服务标准体系建设指南(2025版)》已将精神慰藉服务纳入标准体系,但落地仍有很长路要走。

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周日上午10点,魏振羽准时出现在北京的一家养老院门口。30岁的他工作日正常上班,但在周末有一个新身份——“共享儿女”。老太太的记性时好时坏,但一看见魏振羽,眼睛就亮了:“你又来了。”魏振羽坐下来,掏出手机拨通视频电话。屏幕那头,是老太太远在美国的女儿。3个人聊近况,也聊那些老太太记不太清楚的往事。“我们不是取代子女,只是在他们忙不过来的时候去补个位。”魏振羽说。

近年来,国内养老服务供给大多聚焦助餐、助浴、助医等刚性生活照料,针对老年群体的亲情陪伴、精神慰藉服务供给相对不足,庞大的情感缺口催生出“共享儿女”这类上门陪伴服务。

个人机构齐探路

在某社交平台,以“共享儿女”“社区儿女”为关键词的相关笔记浏览量超数十万次;在某个人交易平台,许多用户长期提供“代看望老人”等服务,内容包括日常探望、陪诊看病、日用品代购等,甚至可以帮老人解决纠纷。此类服务的价格一般为每小时30元至100元不等。

魏振羽的入行源于社交平台上的一次发帖。他发帖说可以帮人探望独居老人,帖子意外火了,数百名有需求的子女和想接单的服务者涌进他建的交流群。

在南京,24岁的衡梦雨走了一条更成体系的路子。2025年底,他开始酝酿“共享知亲”项目,今年7月正式运营,团队从1人扩展到9人,月新增订单约20单,单次服务2小时到3小时,成员至少持有心理咨询师、健康管理师等相关专业证书。

衡梦雨的服务对象画像很清晰:独居、子女异地、丧偶或丧子、不会用智能设备、对生活缺乏热情的高龄老人。82岁的周阿姨是一位独居老人,患过癌症,多年来花费近百万元买保健品,甚至欠了外债。衡梦雨陪了她几个月,帮她辨别诈骗套路,引导她回归健康生活。

魏振羽和衡梦雨,代表了目前市场上两种主要服务供给方式。前者是个人接单,灵活但不稳定;后者是机构运营,有团队、有门槛、有规范,但离规模化尚有距离。

供需错配待磨合

民政部、全国老龄办发布的《2025年度国家老龄事业发展公报》显示,截至2025年末,全国60周岁及以上老年人口已超3.2亿人。《第五次中国城乡老年人生活状况抽样调查基本数据公报》显示,2021年,我国老年人中独居的占14.2%。

记者观察到,不少独居老人长期缺少亲情交流,孤独感突出,现有养老服务对精神陪伴的覆盖有限;异地工作、分身乏术的子女,除了牵挂老人的情绪,还需要有人帮忙实地观察老人状态、及时反馈风险。国家标准《养老机构服务质量基本规范》已经明确要求养老机构应督促相关第三方定期探访老年人,但子女无法到场时,这项“督促”往往难以落地。

北京市民赵明的父亲住进当地一家养老院快两年了,作为独子,赵明平时工作繁忙,很难准时陪伴。在他看来,找“共享儿女”是希望有一个用心观察、如实反馈的人,帮他看见自己不在场时老人的真实状态。

但在市场试水过程中,这个新业态也慢慢出现流水线式服务倾向。赵明在平台浏览时发现,不少服务提供者套用固定话术,礼品、聊天时长明码标价,缺少共情和耐心。

供给端并不缺意向参与者。魏振羽的感受很直接:一些大学生想做兼职,一些四五十岁的中年人也想尝试,但能够提供持续性服务的仍是少数。更重要的是,愿意付费、持续下单的家庭也不多。

“精神陪伴是一个‘非标品’,每位老人的性格、家庭情况都不一样,很难做成标准化产品批量推广。”魏振羽介绍,很多老人本身对精神陪伴消费接受度不高,普遍不认为这是一项刚需,对价格也较为敏感。

逐步规范促长远

2025年,民政部、国家标准化管理委员会联合印发的《养老服务标准体系建设指南(2025版)》,明确将“精神慰藉服务”纳入养老服务提供标准体系。但标准从纸面走向落地,仍有很长的路。

对这类新业态,法律界人士提醒,消费风险不容忽视。陪护过程中,老人若突发摔倒、疾病,或服务人员自身受伤,若没有明确的合同约定,责任划分极易产生纠纷;平台若未尽到背景审查、安全教育义务,也可能需要承担相应过错责任。更重要的是,付费购买陪伴服务,并不能免除子女作为赡养人的法定义务。

衡梦雨的团队自行摸索了一套内控办法:上岗人员须持有养老相关专业证书并接受岗前培训,服务全程录音,只做陪伴、科普、居家安全排查等服务,每次服务结束后向家属或社区反馈老人情况。

海外也有同类陪伴服务探索,思路各有侧重:美国有平台把老年陪伴服务纳入保险体系,依托保险付费机制降低老人孤独风险,从业者经过背景审查并配套责任险;日本相关服务采用订阅制、固定人员长期上门的模式,减少陌生匹配带来的信任隔阂。

国内各地也在探索不同路径。河北石家庄、山东淄博、甘肃定西等地目前已经出现了“社区儿女”服务站模式。其核心特点是政府提供场地和政策优惠,吸引养老机构合作运营。以石家庄为例,“社区儿女”服务在市民政局的指导和支持下,由养老企业探索实施,服务站提供24小时智能生命体征监测、生活服务以及精神服务三方面内容,主要面向社区内高龄、独居老人。

专家认为,社区互助模式有场地、标准和政策支持;市场化的“共享儿女”更灵活、容易与老人建立深度情感联结,但普遍面临获客渠道窄等困境。二者结合,恰好能取长补短。社区可以将有付费意愿的老人转介绍给市场服务方,市场服务方也可以通过社区网络获得稳定客源。而在制度层面,至少有3件事需要落地:一是为从业者购买责任保险,明确服务边界和风险分担;二是建立以养老陪伴为服务内容的专项培训和持证上岗机制;三是探索将精神陪伴纳入政府购买服务或长期护理保险的试点范围。

谈及下一步,魏振羽正在尝试通过自媒体拓展客源,同时考虑和社区、养老院合作。衡梦雨则在推动团队的专业化升级,计划将“老人人生故事纪实记录”纳入特色服务,让老人珍藏这份专属记录。

记者 林语晋

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 更多社区将与市场化共享儿女服务合作,形成转介绍机制

    Likely · Within months

  • 将出台养老陪伴专项培训和持证上岗机制

    Possible · Within months

Open Questions

  • 共享儿女服务的具体法律责任如何划分?
  • 政府购买服务或长期护理保险试点何时推出?
  • 服务如何实现可持续盈利模式?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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