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Back|德国企业对华投资上半年显著增长,对美投资大幅缩减
德国企业对华投资上半年显著增长,对美投资大幅缩减
NEWS
德国之声·1 hour ago·Business·4 min read·🇨🇳China·

德国企业对华投资上半年显著增长,对美投资大幅缩减

科隆德国经济研究所报告显示,德国企业在华投资额达56亿欧元,同时呼吁欧盟应对中国的不公平竞争与补贴问题。

Quick Look

科隆德国经济研究所数据显示,今年上半年德国对华新增投资达56亿欧元,同比增长约三分之一。与此同时,德国对美投资大幅下降。报告指出,德国企业面临中国市场竞争压力与补贴政策,正呼吁欧盟采取更强硬的贸易反制措施。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

德国企业对华投资在2024年上半年出现增长,但同时面临中国市场竞争加剧与贸易不平衡的挑战。德国工业界正敦促政府采取更强硬的贸易政策以应对补贴问题。

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路透社周日独家获取的一份调研报告显示,今年上半年,德国企业的对华投资力度有了明显提升。同雇主方关系密切的科隆德国经济研究所通过对德国联邦银行数据分析而得出的结论是,今年上半年德国对华新增投资为56亿欧元。

这一金额比去年同期增加了大约三分之一。不过,从较长期视角来看,这一投资水平大致相当于2020年至2025年的平均水平。不过,一个新的趋势是,越来越多的德国企业利用在华业务的利润来获取企业扩张的资金。

德国经济研究所的马特斯(Jürgen Matthes)表示:“除了在中国投资,德国企业也别无选择。中国不仅是一个重要的销售市场,同时也是很多企业的‘健身房’。”也就是说,能够在中国竞争激烈的市场上站稳脚跟,才有可能在全球市场上立于不败之地。

与此同时,德国企业在对美投资方面上,则变得越来越审慎观望。今年上半年,德国企业对美投资几乎减少了三分之二,跌至大约43亿美元。美国总统特朗普变化无常的经济和关税政策,得罪了众多贸易伙伴,其中也包括欧盟和德国。

德国经济研究所认为,德国企业对华投资热情不减,也同人民币汇率密切相关。马特斯表示:“在中国,生产成本被人为压低,国家对企业提供补贴,而被人为低估的人民币汇率又进一步降低了中国产品的出口价格。”他说,如果一家企业希望在全球市场上激烈的价格竞争中能与中国企业抗衡,它就不得不将部分生产移往中国,以便也能从这些扭曲竞争的因素中受益。

马特斯强调:“对德国而言,这种局面意味着越来越多的生产和就业岗位正在向中国转移。欧盟必须制止这种不公平的竞争,并对中国产品征收反补贴关税,以便平衡贸易。”

德国经济研究所的报告还指出,德国企业对华投资总体稳增的背后,也存在着明显的两极分化趋势。事实上,一些企业正在缩减中国业务,因为当地经商环境日益艰难,竞争压力越来越大。数据显示,从2017年以来,德国企业撤回在华业务的股权金额已经超过了新增在华业务股权投资。2017年至2024年期间,每年平均新增在华股权投资大约为20亿欧元,而撤回在华股权的金额则为36亿欧元。

一段时间以来,德国工业界不断向默茨总理施压,要求政府出台更为强硬的对华政策。面对来自中国的不公平竞争,经济界和企业界要求政府出台严厉的反制措施。

长期以来,由于担心中国方面采取报复行动,德国一直不主张设置对华贸易壁垒。但随着经济游说团体的立场日趋强硬,德国对华政策也有可能会出现转折。德国政府正在拟定相关计划,以应对德中贸易失衡的问题。而德国的立场也很有可能会对整个欧盟产生影响。今年十月,欧盟将同中国举行相关磋商。

经合组织今年六月的一份报告显示,比照营业额水平,中国企业获得的国家支持是经合组织成员国企业的三至八倍。去年,德国对华贸易逆差增加了220亿欧元,已达大约890亿欧元。德国工商大会(DIHK)外贸经济部主任特里尔(Volker Treier)表示:“我们必须同中国方面展开相关讨论,问题究竟出在哪里?如果最终证实贸易不平衡确实是由补贴或不公平竞争造成的,那这一话题就必须被提上议事日程。”

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 欧盟将在十月与中国举行相关贸易磋商。

    Very likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • ?欧盟是否会正式对中国产品征收反补贴关税?
  • ?德国政府将采取何种具体措施应对贸易失衡?

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This article was originally published by 德国之声.

Quick Look

科隆德国经济研究所数据显示,今年上半年德国对华新增投资达56亿欧元,同比增长约三分之一。与此同时,德国对美投资大幅下降。报告指出,德国企业面临中国市场竞争压力与补贴政策,正呼吁欧盟采取更强硬的贸易反制措施。

AI-generated summary

Story signals

News tone
Negative
Emotional intensity
High
News value
High
Follow-up likelihood
Certain
Relevance window
Weeks

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德国之声
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Published
1 hour ago
View translation
德国经济研究所
对华投资
贸易逆差
德国经济研究所
马特斯
特里尔
默茨
科隆德国经济研究所
德国联邦银行
欧盟
德国工商大会
德国
中国
美国
对华投资
贸易逆差
反补贴
中德贸易
德国工业

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