Breaking
DERaids against LGBTQ organizations in Turkey: numerous arrestsDEBorussia Mönchengladbach parted ways with coach Eugen PolanskiCNIndonesian passenger ship capsizes in Java Sea: 107 people rescued, 130 missingTRForest fires in Istanbul and AnkaraTRZelenskiy: Russia attacked with 2 thousand 100 UAVs in one weekARField reports: A Palestinian was injured in the West Bank, displacement from Yemen to Djibouti, and Iraqi investigations into march attacksRUNine Ukrainian Armed Forces drones neutralized in SevastopolTRForest fires in Arnavutköy and KızılcahamamCNIranian merchant ship attacked in Strait of Hormuz, local authorities said 1 dead and 4 injuredFRBasketball: the French women's team in search of a first world title against the United StatesDERaids against LGBTQ organizations in Turkey: numerous arrestsDEBorussia Mönchengladbach parted ways with coach Eugen PolanskiCNIndonesian passenger ship capsizes in Java Sea: 107 people rescued, 130 missingTRForest fires in Istanbul and AnkaraTRZelenskiy: Russia attacked with 2 thousand 100 UAVs in one weekARField reports: A Palestinian was injured in the West Bank, displacement from Yemen to Djibouti, and Iraqi investigations into march attacksRUNine Ukrainian Armed Forces drones neutralized in SevastopolTRForest fires in Arnavutköy and KızılcahamamCNIranian merchant ship attacked in Strait of Hormuz, local authorities said 1 dead and 4 injuredFRBasketball: the French women's team in search of a first world title against the United States
Back習近平七年再訪印度:金磚峰會握手背後,中印關係破冰?
習近平七年再訪印度:金磚峰會握手背後,中印關係破冰?
Developing
BBC中文31 minutes agoPolitics7 min readChina

習近平七年再訪印度:金磚峰會握手背後,中印關係破冰?

習近平七年來首訪印度出席金磚峰會,與莫迪會晤40分鐘。這場外交互動究竟象徵中印關係破冰,還是僅為戰術性緩和?

Quick Look

中國國家主席習近平七年來首次訪問印度,在金磚國家峰會場邊與印度總理莫迪會晤。外界關注中印關係是否破冰,專家分析認為這主要是因應國際環境與美中博弈下的戰術性緩和,邊界與根本分歧仍然存在。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

中印關係自2020年邊境衝突後惡化,近期在雙邊貿易增長與區域局勢影響下出現互動回溫跡象。

Font size

在印度新德里舉行的金磚國家峰會(BRICS Summit)上,東道主印度總理莫迪(Narendra Modi)招待伊朗總統佩澤希齊揚(Masoud Pezeshkian)、中國國家主席習近平、俄羅斯總統普京(Vladimir Putin;普丁),以及阿聯酋阿布扎比王儲哈立德(Sheikh Khaled bin Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan)等多國領袖,參觀為紀念金磚國家成立20周年而舉辦的「創新印度」展覽。

週六(9月12日)峰會結束後那紙聯合聲明對中東戰爭表達「關切」,路透社形容,印度這次是把伊朗與阿聯酋從對立位置拉回同一張紙上的外交測試。但更被國際所聚焦的,是中印關係的變化。

原因何在?

這是習近平七年來第一次踏上印度土地。眾所周知,中印兩國關係過去幾年因邊界問題高高低低,但近年來,在美印關係也有所起伏之際,印度是否轉向與中國和解交好? 換言之,習近平此次高調親赴印度出席金磚峰會,是否象徵中印「破冰」?

對此,東京國際基督教大學(ICU)國際關係教授奈吉(Stephen Nagy)向BBC中文解釋,印度和中國並非真正意義上的雙邊關係解凍,而是將結束美伊衝突視為共同目標。他說:「因為這場衝突已對兩國經濟及其維持社會經濟發展和穩定能力造成了負面影響。」

新加坡國立大學(NUS)政治系副教授莊嘉穎則向BBC中文分析,印、中、阿聯酋在不確定的國際環境和美國對全球造成的壓力下,原則上自然有原因推進彼此合作的關係。但他強調,印中雙邊的分歧是否能成功擱置,甚至有效管理,仍然是未知數。

莊教授告訴記者,中國對伊朗的支持,是否會對阿中合作造成阻力,也有待觀察:「聯合聲明要伊朗克制,在文字上看起來是阿中雙邊稍微互相讓步。不過這樣的聲明是否有實際效應,在這個時間點,還未能分辨。」

中印關係回溫

金磚合作機制成立20周年,本屆峰會主題為「構建韌性、創新、合作與可持續發展」。目前此一機制包括11個成員國和10個夥伴國,被視為全球南方國家合作的重要平台。

中印關係在2020年邊境爆發衝突、造成兩國官兵傷亡後急遽惡化。直到去年莫迪赴天津參加上合組織峰會,雙邊氣氛才開始回暖。

今年3月,印度放寬部分對中國投資限制,並考慮加快審批兩國企業合資項目。中國海關數據顯示,2025年中印雙邊貿易額增長12.4%,達1550億美元(1.04萬億元人民幣;4.91兆元新台幣),是十年前716億美元的兩倍多。

因此,習近平這次親赴印度與莫迪會面,成為全球焦點。

根據中國官方新華社,習近平在峰會場邊與莫迪會晤約40分鐘。報導稱,兩國領導人「坦誠深入交換意見,就中印要做夥伴達成重要共識」。

習近平說,近兩年兩國關係從「再出發」到「再提升」,機制交往恢復、貿易再創新高,「這一局面來之不易,值得珍惜」。印方聲明則強調「分歧不應變成爭端」,邊境和平安寧是發展關係的「必要基礎」。

中印是否因此破冰? 上海復旦大學國際問題研究院副院長林民旺對新加坡《聯合早報》分析,這是關係持續改善的進程,但兩國歷經數十年最大低谷後,「還有很大的工作要做」。

林民旺認為,主因是美國對中印往來的影響仍然很大。「印度如果跟美國關係稍微有點改善,又會對改善跟中國關係的意願下降。」

換言之,北京真正關注的,不是金磚場合能不能與印度握手,而是新德里會不會與美國越走越近——例如美印同屬四方安全對話,以及軍售、科技合作。

近年特朗普掀起的全球關稅戰造成印美摩擦,讓中國見到縫隙。習近平此行場邊會晤,像是要把印度往回拉一點,至少讓德里不要把所有雞蛋放在美方籃子裡。

華府智庫史汀生中心(The Stimson Center)中國項目主任孫韻博士向《紐約時報》(The New York Times)解釋:中國對印度的核心關切,一直是印度與美國的對齊;所以北京當然不會放過重新在德里拿回一些牽引力的機會。

但是,英國智庫皇家國際事務研究所(Chatham House;查塔姆研究所)南亞高級研究員巴杰帕伊博士(Dr Chietigj Bajpaee)也向《聯合早報》表示,習訪印對建立互信有意義,但只要中印邊境爭端等根本性矛盾依然存在,雙方關係就只能是「戰術性緩和,而非戰略性重置」。

可以說,外界分析多指中印兩國藉這次金磚峰會「試水溫」,溫度從過去的冰點慢慢回升一點。但邊界與貿易問題,不大可能因一場峰會立即全面改善。

安全分析網站 War on the Rocks 近期寫道:印度可以同時交朋友,但「沒有哪個夥伴能替代美國的分量來平衡中國」。

換言之,中印在金磚場上的握手,因此比較像印度向白宮傳遞「我們有選項」,而非向北京承諾「我們轉向」。

莫迪要的是戰略自主的能見度;習近平要的是把印度從美方軌道往回拉一小步。特朗普的關稅戰,以及美以在伊朗掀起的戰火,剛好給了中印關係一個需要解凍的理由。

聯合聲明不提美國 但美國無所不在

此次峰會聯合聲明《新德里宣言》於12日由11個金磚成員一致通過。宣言對中東及伊朗戰爭「深表關切」,呼籲「最大程度克制」,但沒有直接點名美國、以色列及伊朗;同時關切攻擊民用基礎設施與核設施的安全問題,並要求保護主權、貿易、能源與航運。

事實上,宣言裡關於伊朗戰爭的段落只有兩段,卻耗掉印度數月斡旋。

今年5月金磚外長會甚至發不出聯合聲明,主因是德黑蘭堅持譴責美以打擊其核設施與基礎設施,阿聯則要求「對等譴責」伊朗攻擊波斯灣鄰國。

週六的最終文本凸顯雙方都有退讓:聲明沒有直接點名美國或伊朗,只用「中東/西亞緊張局勢持續升級」,並加上「回顧各自國家立場」作為保護傘。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 中印雙方將繼續維持高層外交接觸與經貿往來

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 中印邊界分歧未來能否有效管理?
  • 印度是否會改變平衡中美關係的策略?

Related Topics

This article was originally published by BBC中文.

Related Stories

From a pair of scissors to industrial empowerment: Twenty years of people's livelihood answers from the "Shexiang Mountain Flower" in Shexiang, southwestern Zhejiang
Politics·

From a pair of scissors to industrial empowerment: Twenty years of people's livelihood answers from the "Shexiang Mountain Flower" in Shexiang, southwestern Zhejiang

After 20 years, the "Shexiang Shanhua" service team in Jingning, Zhejiang has developed from an initial voluntary haircut service to a red service matrix covering the entire county. By establishing 121 service nodes and empowering digital industries, the team has effectively solved the living problems of left-behind elderly people in mountainous areas, and assisted the sales of local agricultural products and industrial upgrading.

中国新闻网
6 min read
Sanmao: The CCP’s gray zone strategy upgrades, and the coast guard is deployed in eastern Taiwan on a regular basis
Developing·

Sanmao: The CCP’s gray zone strategy upgrades, and the coast guard is deployed in eastern Taiwan on a regular basis

Analysis by the U.S. Institute of War Studies shows that the Chinese Coast Guard has established regular patrols in the eastern waters of Taiwan since June 2026 and cooperated with scientific research ship investigations in an attempt to weaken Taiwan's jurisdiction through gray zone means and create conditions for possible future blockade operations. Taiwan should adopt an international countermeasures strategy.

自由时报
6 min read
Tainan City Councilor District 10 election situation analysis: Blue outnumbers Green in difficult district, 7 people grab 5 seats
Politics·

Tainan City Councilor District 10 election situation analysis: Blue outnumbers Green in difficult district, 7 people grab 5 seats

A total of 7 people have registered for the 5 seats in the East District of the 10th District of Tainan City Council in the next term. The Democratic Progressive Party switched to low-nomination nominations for Cai Xiaowei and Chen Jinzhong in an effort to break through blue-larger-than-green constituencies; in the pan-blue camp, Zeng Peiya, Zeng Zhijie, and Wang Jiazhen fought for re-election or handed over the baton, Li Zonglin, who is not a party member, tried to be re-elected, and pharmacist Chen Jinnan also joined the battle.

自由时报
2 min read
Kremlin: It does not rule out holding trilateral talks between Russia, Ukraine and the United States in October to end the war
Developing·

Kremlin: It does not rule out holding trilateral talks between Russia, Ukraine and the United States in October to end the war

The Russian Kremlin stated on the 13th that it would not rule out holding trilateral negotiations between Russia, Ukraine and the United States in October this year to end the Russia-Ukraine war. The exact time and location are not yet clear. On the same day, Russia also rejected Ukrainian President Zelensky’s proposal to meet in the United States in December.

自由时报
2 min read
Taichung mayoral candidate He Xinchun criticizes Lu Xiuyan for forgetting about municipal affairs in the election. Lu Xiuyan has acid reflux and Lai Qingde is concerned about marginalized green camps.
Developing·

Taichung mayoral candidate He Xinchun criticizes Lu Xiuyan for forgetting about municipal affairs in the election. Lu Xiuyan has acid reflux and Lai Qingde is concerned about marginalized green camps.

He Xinchun, a candidate for mayor of Taichung from the Democratic Progressive Party, criticized Mayor Lu Xiuyan for frequently supporting elections and neglecting municipal administration. Lu Xiuyan responded that President Lai Ching-te only paid attention to her every time he came to Taichung, which led to the marginalization of green camp candidates. He Xinchun counterattacked that Lu Xiuyan was thinking about 2028 and called for a return to municipal administration.

自由时报
2 min read
More on this topic習近平