
初步出口民調顯示71%選民反對將嚴格中立寫入憲法,該提案被批評者視為親俄
瑞士選民於27日公投中否決了一項旨在將「武裝且永久中立」寫入憲法的提案。初步民調顯示約71%選民反對,此舉被視為對極右翼發起、被批評者稱為「親俄」倡議的重大打擊,瑞士政府與多數政黨均認為該提案過於僵化。
AI-generated summary
瑞士傳統上採取武裝中立政策,但俄烏戰爭引發了國內對於中立定義及其在現代衝突中適用性的激烈辯論。
初步出口民調預測,瑞士選民27日已否決一項旨在緊縮該國中立政策的提案,對這項由極右翼發起、被反對者稱為「親俄」的倡議構成重大打擊。
法新社報導,瑞士人普遍擁抱其中立立場,但這項試圖將嚴格定義寫入憲法的倡議,暴露出國內對於「中立」實質內涵的嚴重分歧。根據民調機構gsf.bern在最後一個投票所關閉後30分鐘發布的初步預測,高達71%的選民否決該提案。
社會黨籍國會議員里耶(Laurence Fehlmann Rielle)向瑞士公共電視台(RTS)表示,此預期結果顯示「我們依然致力於這項中立政策,它允許瑞士實施制裁,並在世界上確立自己的定位」。
瑞士的傳統立場是武裝中立,但俄羅斯侵略烏克蘭的戰爭,再度引發關於如何在現代衝突中適用其中立原則的質疑。基於對伯恩當局決定支持歐盟對俄羅斯施加經濟壓力的擔憂,主權派組織「支持瑞士」(Pro Switzerland)收集足夠的連署後,在直接民主制度下發起公投,要求將中立原則更明確地納入憲法。
該提案要求憲法保障瑞士的中立是「武裝且永久的」,此舉將阻止中立歷史可溯及1516年的瑞士與北大西洋公約組織(NATO)建立更緊密的關係,並排除任何軍事同盟,除非該國遭到攻擊。此外,除非聯合國要求,否則該提案將禁止實施任何制裁。
莫斯科曾抨擊瑞士加入歐盟制裁,並指責伯恩放棄中立,但俄方對這項被部分反對者稱為「親俄」的倡議表示讚賞。
這場辯論的各方都主張希望維持瑞士的中立。瑞士政府與國會均反對該提案,認為其過於僵化,將在高度地緣政治緊張時期限制國家的轉圜空間。
瑞士外交部長凱西斯(Ignazio Cassis)在近期的電視辯論中表示,「中立原則在適用上向來具有一定程度的彈性」。儘管瑞士並未計畫解除向包括烏克蘭在內的衝突國家出售武器的禁令,但他強調,「中立並不意味著冷漠」,當瑞士「看到讓我們得以和平生活的國際規則遭到破壞時,絕不會視而不見。」
除了極右翼的瑞士最大黨「瑞士人民黨」(SVP)之外,幾乎所有主要政黨都反對這項倡議。SVP副主席阿莫德魯茲(Celine Amaudruz)在電視辯論中表示:「我們的目標是促進和平、外交與對話。」而「為了實現這個目標,我們必須透過永久的武裝中立來維持公信力。」

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