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Back第81届联合国大会开幕:多国领导人缺席,大国博弈与国际局势成焦点
第81届联合国大会开幕:多国领导人缺席,大国博弈与国际局势成焦点
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德国之声1 hour agoWorld5 min readChinaView translation

第81届联合国大会开幕:多国领导人缺席,大国博弈与国际局势成焦点

习近平、普京、默茨等多国元首缺席联大;特朗普强调“美国优先”,巴西、法国及英国领导人就国际秩序与冲突发表立场。

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第81届联合国大会在纽约开幕,近130国领导人参会。习近平、普京、默茨等元首缺席,引发关注。会议期间,特朗普重申“美国优先”,巴西、法国及英国领导人则针对国际秩序、加沙冲突及多边主义发表了不同立场。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

第81届联合国大会于9月22日在纽约开幕,多国领导人就当前国际局势发表讲话。

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(德国之声中文网)第81届联合国大会于本周二(9月22日)拉开帷幕,近130个国家的领导人齐聚纽约,讨论他们眼中当前世界所面临的最紧迫问题。

不过,人们注意到,一些重要国家的领导人却缺席:中国国家主席习近平、俄罗斯总统普京、德国总理默茨、意大利总理梅洛尼、印度总理莫迪等都没有出现在今年的联大会议上。

一般而言,不出席一年一度的联大会议,是国内更有要事缠身,不能离开,比如德国总理默茨,他领导的基民盟连续在三个联邦州的选举中失利:在两个州失掉执政权;在第三个州甚至未过5%的选票门槛,从而被踢出了议会。党内随之出现“默茨下台”的呼声。虽然默茨本人十分热衷于在国际舞台上搞外交,甚至有着“外交总理”的非正式头衔,但在这一时刻,他认为,必须在国内坚守阵地,不给党内对手密谋篡权的空间。

俄罗斯总统普京派遣外长拉夫罗夫前往纽约,自己留在俄罗斯。作为俄罗斯总统,普京上一次在联大发言还是在2015年。2023年国际刑事法院(ICC)因战争罪向普京发出逮捕令,这或许是他今年缺席在纽约举行的联大会议的原因之一,虽然美国并不承认ICC。不过,同样受到ICC通缉的以色列总理内塔尼亚胡,却宣布出席联大会议并将于周四(9月24日)发表讲话。

最引发关注的是中国国家主席习近平,联大会议开幕之际,他正前往离纽约不远的华盛顿,同美国总统特朗普单独举行峰会。

9月22日,中国外交部宣布,国家副主席韩正将于9月24日至26日赴纽约,代表中国出席第81届联大一般性辩论。德国之声分析认为,显然,习近平优先选择了大国外交,而不是多边主义。2021年,习近平通过视频参加联大会议,而亲自前往联大发言是在2015年。

多国元首发言 国际混乱还在加剧

作为国家元首,巴西总统卢拉在今年联大一般性辩论会议上首先发言,他指出,“国际混乱在加剧”,其特征是“对权力政治的不断让步”。卢拉批评道,“侵犯主权、任意制裁和单边干预正在成为常态”。正在竞选巴西下届总统的他,强调巴西的民主和主权“不容谈判”。

第二个发言的是美国总统特朗普,他主张以“美国优先”推动国际事务。他阐述了美国对伊朗、加沙、俄乌冲突以及西半球局势的立场,批评联合国及其部分机构。特朗普宣布,美国将进一步削减联合国预算和职位。他说,美国将保持在人工智能领域的领先地位。特朗普批评国际刑事法院,称该机构对美国不具有合法管辖权,并呼吁其他国家退出国际刑事法院。他还为美国军方逮捕委内瑞拉总统的行动进行了辩护,表示将继续推动古巴发生变化。

首次在联大发言的英国首相伯纳姆(Andy Burnham)宣称,英国将从过去十年的经验中汲取教训,在未来十年应对不断变化的世界,恢复国家稳定,建设更具活力的经济,并与世界开展贸易、携手解决共同面临的问题。伯纳姆明确表示,英国支持乌克兰,因为英国将站在弱者一边。在谴责哈马斯对以色列发动恐袭后,伯纳姆表示,这不能为以色列政府在加沙地带或约旦河西岸的行动开脱,称英国不会对不断加剧的苦难以及“两国方案”前景受到的冲击袖手旁观。

明年将卸任的法国总统马克龙在联大一般性辩论中强调,面对“强权即公理”的逻辑卷土重来,国际社会不能退缩,而应坚守《联合国宪章》、国际法和多边主义。他说,当前世界战争和危机不断增加,国际社会必须共同维护各国人民自由选择自身命运、发展模式和未来的权利。马克龙表示,法国将继续支持国际法院,推动建立人工智能国际治理框架。他批评“双重标准”,因为这损害联合国及《联合国宪章》的公信力,指出,如果在加沙问题上袖手旁观,国际社会的信誉将受到影响。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 韩正将代表中国出席联大一般性辩论

    Very likely · Within days

Open Questions

  • 习近平与特朗普峰会的具体成果为何?
  • 默茨能否在国内政治危机中稳固地位?

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