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Back日本首相高市早苗计划9月16日进行党内人事调整,17日改组内阁
日本首相高市早苗计划9月16日进行党内人事调整,17日改组内阁
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中国新闻网1 hour agoPolitics3 min readChinaView translation

日本首相高市早苗计划9月16日进行党内人事调整,17日改组内阁

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日本首相高市早苗计划于9月16日进行自民党高层人事调整,9月17日改组内阁,此为其2025年10月上台以来首次内阁改组。改组意在巩固政权、应对民意下降、推进食品消费税减税政策及加强与维新会合作,但面临财政质疑、国内外反对及央行加息预期等挑战。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

高市早苗于2025年10月上任日本首相,自民党与维新会形成执政联盟。其上台后推行强军路线和财政政策,但民意支持率持续下降,面临党内及国内外反对。

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日本自民党干事长铃木俊一日前在一档节目中表示,首相高市早苗将于9月16日进行自民党高层人事调整,并于17日改组内阁。

据悉,这将是高市自2025年10月上台以来首次进行内阁改组。此前有分析称,或将留任的内阁成员包括内阁官房长官木原稔、外务大臣茂木敏充、防卫大臣小泉进次郎、财务大臣片山皋月等。

高市为何在此时改组内阁?中国社会科学院日本研究所研究员吕耀东认为,高市早苗计划改组内阁,对执政党一些高层人士进行调整,很大程度上是出于对自身执政根基的担忧。

现在来看,高市早苗民意支持率下降,对未来推动她的政治右倾化政策有一定影响。

改组内阁成员,尤其是加强与联合执政的维新会之间的合作,同时对自民党内进行人事调整,体现出高市早苗对目前执政根基不稳有所顾忌,希望通过对党内以及内阁成员的调整,稳住阵脚。

南开大学日本研究院副院长张玉来也认为,从战后日本宪政史上来看,上任不到一年就进行内阁改组比较少见,这也证明高市政权实际上已暗流涌动。

高市的“强军”路线和财政政策都遭到了日本国内极大的反对声音,甚至连自民党内部的反对声音也越来越强,比如前自民党干事长森山裕、前首相石破茂、前外相河野太郎等人都对高市的相关政策提出反对意见。此外,其对美政策方面也出现了严重裂痕。

选择此时改组内阁有三重考量:第一,为秋季临时国会布阵,同时应对日美经济摩擦。即将召开的临时国会将对消费税减税、“安保三文件”修改等重大事项进行审议;第二,为明年自民党总裁选举提前布局;第三,释放自民党内积压的人事安排需求。

据了解,高市正在协调自民党执政伙伴日本维新会干事长中司宏的入阁事宜。如果实现,这将是维新会成员首次入阁。

张玉来表示,高市欲将维新会成员纳入内阁,目的是改变内阁的基本结构,进而巩固其政权的稳定性。

自2025年10月,自民党与维新会组成执政联盟以来,维新会一直采取“阁外合作”的方式参与政权运作。此次维新会干事长中司宏一旦入阁,将标志着自民党与维新会的联合执政变得更加紧密。

高市此次欲将维新会成员纳入内阁,更深层的考量在于责任共有。一旦维新会成员进入内阁,维新会也将成为推动相关法案的重要力量,将极大缓解相关法案在临时国会的通过难度。

美国正从多个方向对日本施压,将维新会成员纳入内阁,客观上是在构建一个更广泛的体制,以便在年底前完成未来五年驻日美军经费问题谈判以及“安保三文件”的修订等,既可对美有所交待,又可获得稳固的国内政治支持。

据日本媒体15日报道,高市内阁当天批准了一项制度纲要,计划从2027年4月起,将食品消费税税率由8%下调至1%,减税期限为期两年。该方案要求通过调整政府收支来弥补减税带来的税收损失,不依靠赤字国债,以此作为相关法案的基础,相关法案预计提交至秋季临时国会审议。

张玉来表示,食品消费税减税在临时国会审议当中还将面临诸多质疑,这是一项在减税民粹主义驱动下仓促出台的政治产品,致命缺陷是将对日本财政造成严重冲击。

第一,财源根本没有得到落实和解决。食品消费税从8%降到1%相当于一年税收减少4.3万亿日元,可钱从哪来?大纲只说不依赖赤字国债,具体方案推到年底预算编制之后。而日本政府的债务规模已经达到1346万亿日元。

第二,该政策还会造成地方财政缺口1.6万亿日元,对地方财政造成致命性冲击。

第三,市场普遍预期日本央行将在9月把政策利率从1.0%提升到1.25%,此次减税也将与日本央行的加息政策形成对冲。

最后,该政策也会引发美国的不满。美国财长贝森特9月1号已经明确表示,日本应停止再通胀政策。即便临时国会能够勉强通过该法案,今后的问题也将会叠加而至。

日本广播协会在截至9月13日的3天时间里进行的最新民调显示,当被问及“是否有切身感受到经济正在好转”时,回答“有”的人占15%,而回答“没有”的人高达78%。而此前,多项日本民调也显示,高市的支持率不断走低。

吕耀东表示,日本的食品消费税减税只是一个权宜之计,高市不致力于兑现竞选承诺,却一心走向“再军事化”道路,显然也是不得民心的。

高市早苗支持率下降,很大程度上与她提振日本经济、改善民生的竞选承诺落实不力有关。降低食品消费税为期两年,仅为权宜之计,意在稳住民意,并不是真正要解决民生问题。

高市更多倾向于增加防卫预算以及与周边为敌这样的政策,所以其民众支持率比较低。

高市政府如果不能兑现自己的竞选承诺,仅为了增加防卫预算,使日本重新武装,是不得民心的。

记者:杜慧琴

来源:总台环球资讯

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 食品消费税减税法案将在秋季临时国会提交审议

    Likely · Within weeks

  • 维新会干事长中司宏将成功入阁

    Possible · Within days

Open Questions

  • 内阁改组具体人选有哪些?
  • 食品消费税减税的财政补偿方案是什么?
  • 维新会干事长中司宏是否成功入阁?
  • 此次改组是否能有效提升高市早苗的支持率?

Related Topics

This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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