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Back荷兰央行将黄金储备从美加转至英以分散风险
荷兰央行将黄金储备从美加转至英以分散风险
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中国新闻网1 hour agoBusiness3 min readChinaView translation

荷兰央行将黄金储备从美加转至英以分散风险

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荷兰央行于2025年3月至8月将约86吨黄金储备从美国纽约和加拿大渥太华转移至英国伦敦,以降低对美依赖并提升危机应对能力。此举与法国、德国等国近年黄金回流趋势一致,反映全球央行对美元信任危机的担忧及资产主权安全需求的上升。

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Why It Matters

荷兰央行于2025年3月至8月将约86吨黄金储备从美国纽约和加拿大渥太华转移至英国伦敦,以降低单一托管地风险并提升危机应对能力。此前法国央行已完成将存放纽约的129吨黄金替换并运回巴黎,德国虽未大规模回运但面临国内政治压力要求增加黄金本土储备。

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荷兰中央银行2日公布,该行今年3月至8月将约86吨黄金储备从美国纽约和加拿大渥太华转移至英国伦敦,以分散风险,做好危机应对准备。

荷兰央行的新闻公报说,约59吨黄金通过在纽约市场出售、再从伦敦市场购入的方式实现转移,超过27吨黄金从美国和加拿大以实物形式运输至荷兰宰斯特,另有数量相当、符合国际市场标准的黄金从宰斯特转移至伦敦。

荷兰央行数据显示,截至2025年底,荷兰拥有黄金储备612.4吨,主要存放在荷兰宰斯特、英国伦敦、美国纽约和加拿大渥太华。

此次调整后,荷兰黄金储备存放在宰斯特的比例维持不变,为30.8%,存放在纽约的比例从31.3%大幅降低到18.5%,存放在渥太华的比例从19.7%降低到18.5%,而存放在伦敦的比例从18.1%提升至32.1%。

荷兰央行说,存放在英国央行的黄金流通性强,便于荷兰在危急情况下实现黄金快速交易。

自特朗普再次担任美国总统以来,荷兰央行对欧美日益紧张的关系表示担忧,曾称美国可以轻易阻断荷兰的支付交易,因而多次呼吁降低对美依赖。

今年4月,法国央行宣布,完成对存放于纽约多年的129吨黄金的替换。这批黄金自20世纪20年代末以来一直托管在纽约。操作分26个阶段进行,于2025年7月至2026年1月期间完成。法国央行在纽约以市场价格卖出这些金条,同时从欧洲购入等量符合现行标准的黄金,并运回巴黎。至此,法国总计2437吨黄金储备已全部集中在本土。

德国在2013年至2017年间从美国运回了300吨黄金。德国央行目前在纽约仍存放1236吨黄金,约占其总储备的37%,不过,近年来,德国央行面临要求将更多金条运回德国的政治压力显著增加。

多国从美国运回黄金有何影响

荷兰、法国等欧洲国家为什么要从美国运回黄金?对全球金融市场及美元体系有何影响?

多国调整黄金储备布局 折射美信用风险

北京师范大学教授 经济学专家 万喆:首先,这是一个地缘和资产主权的风险,也是金融武器化带来的警示。随着美国不断动用其所谓的“长臂制裁”等手段,荷兰央行公开提及担忧美国可以轻易阻断跨境支付交易。

北京师范大学教授 经济学专家 万喆:其次,美国债务膨胀使美元长期信用受到质疑。黄金作为无主权信用的风险资产,他们希望把黄金从美国金库调回、分散托管,以此对冲美债贬值、美元购买力下行等风险。

北京师范大学教授 经济学专家 万喆:另外,这是危机场景下的流动性现实考量。荷兰央行专门的解释是危急时刻存放在各地黄金都会面临交割、跨境转运的制度障碍。荷兰优化托管地点是要实现储备存放多元化,降低单一托管地的风险。

法国曾挤兑黄金 加速布雷顿森林体系瓦解

北京师范大学教授 经济学专家 万喆:标志事件是20世纪60年代法国戴高乐政府黄金挤兑,直接加速布雷顿森林体系的解体。在60年代的时候,法国持续把手中的美元外汇向纽约联储兑换成实物黄金,通过军舰、飞机大批量运回法国。此行动形成了一个示范效应,西德、意大利、荷兰这些欧洲国家也纷纷跟进美国的黄金储备大规模的流失,整个体系出现了重大裂痕。

北京师范大学教授 经济学专家 万喆:所以,到70年代,美国时任总统尼克松宣布关闭黄金兑换窗口,停止美元兑换黄金。布雷顿森林体系随后瓦解,全球进入了信用美元时代,浮动汇率登上历史舞台。

美元体系信任危机 加速全球储备多元化

北京师范大学教授 经济学专家 万喆:短时间内,这一行为不会颠覆美元。但这确实代表一种全球储备逻辑在发生深刻的变化,就是从看重流动性转向兼顾资产主权安全。

北京师范大学教授 经济学专家 万喆:在美国肆意动用金融制裁作为武器、冻结一些外汇储备之后,各国央行都在重新评估托管风险。

北京师范大学教授 经济学专家 万喆:长期来说,美元体系信任出现裂痕,会加速全球储备多元化。黄金回迁也是全球去美元化的信号之一,也代表着包括美国盟友在内的经济体都在主动降低对美元单一体系依赖。

(央视新闻客户端)

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 更多欧元区国家将在未来12个月内优化黄金储备托管地点,以降低对美依赖

    Likely · Within months

  • 黄金作为无主权信用资产的吸引力将在未来6-18个月内得到进一步强化

    Possible · Within months

Open Questions

  • 荷兰此次黄金转移是否将继续扩大规模?
  • 其他欧元区国家是否将效仿荷兰、法国优化黄金储备托管地点?
  • 美国是否会就盟友黄金回流采取外交或经济应对措施?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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