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Back美國智庫警告:對台關稅恐損害AI發展,台商赴美投資已超3000億美元
美國智庫警告:對台關稅恐損害AI發展,台商赴美投資已超3000億美元
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自由时报2 hours agoBusiness3 min readChinaView translation

美國智庫警告:對台關稅恐損害AI發展,台商赴美投資已超3000億美元

Quick Look

美國智庫哈德遜研究所警告,若川普政府因台美貿易逆差擴大對台祭出關稅,恐危及美國AI發展目標。報告指出,台灣企業在美承諾投資總額已突破3000億美元,台積電累計FDI達2650億美元,而美國自台進口科技及AI相關商品兩年增逾200%。報告建議美國國會儘速通過《台美雙邊稅務協定》,台灣完成《雙邊互惠貿易協定》實施立法,以維持美台合作關係,避免因貿易不平衡措施影響美國在AI領域的領先地位。

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Why It Matters

美國對台商品貿易逆差持續擴大,2025年底達1460億美元,預估2026年可能增至2410億美元。同時,台商赴美投資規模急速成長,台積電累計對美FDI已達2650億美元,台企總投資突破3000億美元。美國將AI發展列為國家戰略優先事項,而台灣在先進半導體供應鏈中佔據關鍵地位。

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AI熱潮帶動台灣對美出口大幅成長,美國智庫警告白宮,若因貿易逆差對台祭出關稅,恐影響美國AI發展。(美聯社資料照)

〔財經頻道/綜合報導〕美國對台商品貿易逆差持續擴大,2025年底達1460億美元(約新台幣4.6兆元),華府智庫哈德遜研究所(Hudson Institute)預估,2026年可能再增57%至65%,達2410億美元(約新台幣7.6兆元),台灣甚至可能成為美國最大商品貿易逆差來源。報告呼籲美國國會儘速通過《台美雙邊稅務協定》(ADTA),並警告若川普政府因台美貿易逆差擴大,選擇對台採取懲罰性關稅,恐危及美國AI發展目標。

哈德遜研究所報告指出,美國商務部7月中旬曾宣布,台積電(TSMC)將在美國追加投資1000億美元(約新台幣3.1兆元),用於先進半導體製造。如果加上2025年3月宣布的1000億美元和2020年開始在亞利桑那州投資的650億美元(約新台幣2.06兆元),台積電在美國累計外國直接投資(FDI)額度,已達到至少2650億美元(約新台幣8兆元)。

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如果算入鴻海、環球晶、廣達和緯創等台廠赴美布局,台灣企業在美承諾投資總額,已突破3000億美元(約新台幣9.5兆元),超越2026年1月《台美投資協議》中,我國給出的2500億美元外國直接投資,與2500億美元信用擔保的承諾。

報告指出,來自台灣的直接投資正以前所未有的規模流入美國科技業。同時,由於美國對AI的龐大需求,美台貿易逆差顯著加劇。對華府來說,解決美國貿易失衡問題是白宮最重要的優先事項之一,然而,確保美國在人工智慧領域保持領先地位是白宮的另一項優先事項,若因貿易不平衡而對台灣採取懲罰性措施,恐將使美國偏離其在AI領域佔據主導地位的道路。

過去2年,美國國內需求成長的近50%,以及標普500指數大部分的漲幅,均歸因於AI熱潮。美國投資AI的戰略重要性極高,川普曾形容AI競賽是「自太空時代黎明以來,對我們能力最重大的一次考驗」。

美國需要在AI競賽中勝出,而要做到這一點,離不開台灣。台灣目前很可能是美國最重要的經濟及戰略夥伴。雖然平衡貿易逆差是川普政府的重要目標,但不應以危及美國AI發展競爭優勢為代價。因此,華府應採取相應措施,充分利用這段重要的合作關係。

美國從台灣進口金額近年大幅增加。過去2年,美國自台灣進口的科技及AI相關商品價值增加超過200%,其中半導體、伺服器、智慧型手機及其他電子、半導體相關產品,已占美國自台灣進口總值逾75%。

值得注意的是,2025年底美國對台商品貿易逆差為1460億美元,當時台灣是美國商品貿易逆差第5大的來源。Hudson Institute預估,若2026年逆差進一步增加57%至65%,全年可能達2410億美元,台灣屆時可能躍居美國商品貿易逆差最大的貿易夥伴。

報告認為,這項變化與美國AI產業快速擴張密切相關。美國目前正積極打造全球最大的AI生態系,而台灣則在先進半導體及伺服器供應鏈扮演重要角色。

報告引用2023年Project 2049 Institute及美台商業協會估算指出,若美國失去台灣半導體產業,可能導致美國經濟每年損失約1.6兆美元(約新台幣50兆元)、相當於GDP的8%;報告作者進一步認為,隨著AI需求快速成長,如今相關損失可能已超過2兆美元。

針對未來美台經貿關係,報告提出兩項建議。首先,美國國會應盡快通過《台美雙邊稅務協定》(ADTA),係因台灣是少數還未與美國簽署,避免雙重課稅協定(Tax Treaty)的主要經濟體。

隨著愈來愈多台商赴美投資後,通過稅務協定,不只能減輕台美企業稅負,還能讓資金可以更多用於營運擴產,而不是稅務支出。

其次,台灣應儘速完成《雙邊互惠貿易協定》(ART)的相關實施立法。報告指出,ART實施後,台灣將降低99%對美國出口商品的貿易障礙,並進一步開放農產品、水產品、家禽、乳製品、醫療器材及乘用車等市場。

此外,台灣也同意到2030年前採購最多850億美元(約新台幣2.6兆元)的美國能源、電力基礎建設、民航機及引擎。

報告最後指出,台灣目前可能是美國最重要的貿易夥伴。儘管台美貿易逆差擴大可能成為問題,但不應因此影響美國打造全球最大、最強運算能力的目標。

一手掌握經濟脈動 點我訂閱自由財經Youtube頻道

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 美國國會將在未來3個月內通過《台美雙邊稅務協定》

    Likely · Within months

  • 台灣將在未來6個月內完成《雙邊互惠貿易協定》相關實施立法

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 川普政府是否會真的對台產品加徵關稅?
  • 《台美雙邊稅務協定》在美國國會的通過時間表為何?
  • 台灣完成《雙邊互惠貿易協定》實施立法的進度如何?
  • 若美台經貿緊張升級,台灣是否有替代市場或供應鏈調整方案?

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