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Back今年台风为什么这么多?厄尔尼诺是“头号推手”
今年台风为什么这么多?厄尔尼诺是“头号推手”
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中国新闻网4 hours agoEnvironment6 min readChinaView translation

今年台风为什么这么多?厄尔尼诺是“头号推手”

第31号台风“烟花”生成,今年西北太平洋和南海已有31个台风生成,厄尔尼诺事件为首要推手。

Quick Look

受厄尔尼诺事件影响,今年西北太平洋和南海已生成31个台风,数量激增并与2013年并列21世纪以来最多。国家气候中心指出,厄尔尼诺不仅导致台风生成地东移、路线多变且强度偏强,还将对我国中东部秋季降水、冬季气温及明年夏季汛情产生显著影响。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

厄尔尼诺是一种自然海气气候现象,典型特征为赤道中东太平洋海表温度持续异常偏高。

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台风“蔷琵”刚给华东带来两天风雨,第31号台风“烟花”又在西北太平洋生成,截至29日上午5时仍是超强台风级别。

目前,“烟花”对我国海区无影响,但不少人想问:今年台风是不是有点多?

答案是:确实多,厄尔尼诺是首要推手。

今年台风确实“超额”了

今年台风数量激增,根源在于海洋与大气环流的异常共振,而首要推手,就是厄尔尼诺事件。

截至目前,今年西北太平洋和南海已有31个台风生成,与2013年并列成为21世纪以来编号台风最多年份,而考虑到11~12月理论上还会有台风生成,这个纪录还有打破的可能。

在中国气象局10月新闻发布会上,国家气象中心副主任黄卓介绍,9号台风“巴威”、13号台风“白海豚”、18号台风“沙德尔”三个台风先后登陆我国,生命史都在12天以上,远超多年平均约6天的台风生命史,对我国沿海和陆地的影响大、累积影响时间长。

厄尔尼诺是什么?

厄尔尼诺是一种自然海气气候现象,典型特征为赤道中东太平洋海表温度持续异常偏高。该现象一般每2至7年出现一次,单次过程通常维持9至12个月。

9月我国已形成一次超强厄尔尼诺事件。国家海洋环境预报中心最新监测研判显示,此次厄尔尼诺将在今年秋末冬初达到峰值。

厄尔尼诺怎么“催生”台风?

今年台风出现了“抱团”来、50天内3个台风连续登陆同一个地方等罕见现象,与厄尔尼诺的快速发展密切相关。厄尔尼诺是如何“催生”台风的呢?

今年春夏季,厄尔尼诺处于快速发展期,大气对海温演变有显著的响应,有利于西北太平洋副热带高压明显增强,从而引导更多水汽输送到我国陆地区域。在此背景下,影响我国的台风持续时间更长、强度也会偏强。

国家气候中心首席预报员赵俊虎表示,厄尔尼诺主要影响了台风的“生成地”和“行进路线”:导致生成地东移、路线变化多端、台风“抱团”比较多,多个台风共存。

中国天气网首席气象分析师信欣介绍,今年10月以来生成的5个台风,彩云、诺洛、小熊、蔷琵、烟花,巅峰强度均达到了超强台风级。

同时,由于最近生成的台风多在远海腹地,为台风的发育提供了充足的空间,更有利于支撑超强台风的诞生。

不仅仅是台风,厄尔尼诺还会带来什么?

根据国家气候中心介绍,未来厄尔尼诺将对我国带来以下影响:

1.今年中东部秋季雨多 随着厄尔尼诺事件继续发展,我国今年秋季(10月—11月),我国中东部大部降水偏多,江南大部和西南地区东部局部偏多五成至八成。华西秋雨总体偏多,呈“南多北少”空间分布。 内蒙古西南部、西北地区东北部等地降水偏少超过两成至五成,气象干旱和森林草原火灾风险较高。有1至2个台风登陆或影响我国,强度偏强,以西行和西北行为主,华南和华东沿海地区暴雨洪涝、大风和风暴潮灾害风险高。

2.今年冬季偏暖但起伏大 预计冬季(今年12月至明年2月),我国气温总体偏高,寒潮频次略偏多,气温冷暖起伏大;降水总体偏多,需重点防范阶段性强寒潮和南方低温雨雪冰冻影响。

3.真正的考验在明年夏天 厄尔尼诺影响具有显著滞后性,往往次年最为突出。预计2027年春夏季,我国气候受厄尔尼诺的影响将比2026年更显著,长江中下游地区降水偏多明显,暴雨洪涝风险较高,可能有较重汛情,江淮、江南、华南等地的高温热浪也会更加明显。

怎么防范?记住这几条

厄尔尼诺不是某一天的天气,它是一个持续几个月甚至一年的气候背景。它不会让每一天都极端,但会让极端天气出现的概率变高,公众请注意防范。

1.台风天:盯紧预警,非必要不外出 收到橙色或红色预警,非必要不外出:按当地要求停工停课,待在安全室内。 清理阳台,加固门窗:把花盆杂物搬进室内,检查门窗是否牢固,车辆移至高处。 远离海边和临时搭建物:台风期间别去海边观潮,外出避开广告牌、大树和工棚。

2.暴雨与山洪:看懂信号,往两侧跑 看懂四色预警:蓝黄预警减少外出、提前防范,橙红预警立即停止户外活动。 遇山洪往两侧高地跑:发现溪水突然浑浊、听到轰鸣声,立刻向垂直于水流方向的两侧高地撤离,千万别顺着沟谷往下游跑。 积水路段别盲目涉水:桥下涵洞、低洼路段积水可能掩盖深坑,水深不明坚决绕行。

3.冬天别因为“暖冬”就掉以轻心 提醒公众,不能只盯着“暖冬”两个字,更要关注临近预报中的寒潮和大风预警;南方尤其要防范冷空气与充足水汽相遇后可能出现的雨雪冰冻,北方则要注意强降温、大风及降雪结冰的影响。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 厄尔尼诺将在今年秋末冬初达到峰值

    Very likely · Within months

  • 2027年春夏季我国气候受厄尔尼诺的影响将比2026年更显著

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 今年最终会生成多少个台风?
  • 明年夏季长江中下游汛情具体会达到何种程度?

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